Kuddo, Arvo2013-05-282013-05-282012-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13559One of the responses to new challenges in the labor market has been the development and expansion of employment services and active labor market policies based on activation principles. The objective of this study is to document and review international experiences, predominantly from selected emerging market economies and developing countries, with the design and implementation of activation programs, provided by Public Employment Services, through the prism of incentives and sanctions. Employment promotion legislation from the reviewed countries is a major source of information. Participation of beneficiaries in relevant services and programs is also analyzed. The study finds that the countries use a variety of instruments, be it specific employment services, active labor market programs, or benefit and other sanctions, to 'activate' jobseekers with an aim to encourage them to become more active in their efforts to find work and/or improve their employability. In practice, the activation policies vary considerably across countries.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACTIVE EMPLOYMENTACTIVE EMPLOYMENT POLICYACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIESACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMSAVERAGE WAGEBARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENTCAREER INFORMATIONCATEGORIES OF WORKERSCOLLECTIVE DISMISSALSDISABILITYDISMISSALECONOMIC NEEDSEMPLOYABILITYEMPLOYEEEMPLOYERSEMPLOYMENT AGENCIESEMPLOYMENT CONTRACTSEMPLOYMENT IMPACTSEMPLOYMENT LAWEMPLOYMENT LEGISLATIONEMPLOYMENT OFFICEEMPLOYMENT OFFICESEMPLOYMENT POLICYEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMSEMPLOYMENT PROMOTIONEMPLOYMENT SERVICEEMPLOYMENT STATISTICSEMPLOYMENT SUBSIDYEMPLOYMENT TAXEMPLOYMENT TAXESFINDING WORKHEALTH INSURANCEHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHIGH WAGEILO COMMITTEE OF EXPERTSINCOMEINCOME SUPPORTINFORMAL SECTORJOB COUNSELINGJOB FAIRSJOB LOSSJOB OFFERJOB OFFERSJOB OPENINGSJOB PLACEMENTJOB PLACEMENT SERVICESJOB REFERRALSJOB ROTATIONJOB SEARCHJOB SEARCH ASSISTANCEJOB VACANCIESJOB VACANCYJOBSLABOR DEMANDLABOR DISCIPLINELABOR FORCELABOR LAWLABOR LAWSLABOR LEGISLATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET CONDITIONSLABOR MARKET EXPERIENCELABOR MARKET INFORMATIONLABOR MARKET INTERVENTIONSLABOR MARKET OUTCOMESLABOR MARKET POLICYLABOR MARKET SERVICESLABOR MARKET SITUATIONLABOR MARKET TRAININGLABOR MARKETSLABOR OFFICELABOR OFFICESLABOR ORGANIZATIONLABOR REDEPLOYMENTLAID-OFF WORKERSLAYOFFSLOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICESMARKET ECONOMIESMATERNITY LEAVEMEDIATIONMINIMUM WAGEMINIMUM WAGESMOTIVATIONNATIONAL EMPLOYMENT SERVICESOCCUPATIONOCCUPATIONSOLDER WORKERSPAYROLL TAXESPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPERFORMANCE MANAGEMENTPERMANENT JOBPERSONNELPREVIOUS WORKPREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCEPRIVATE EMPLOYMENTPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPRIVATE PROVIDERSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENTPRIVATE SERVICEPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENTPRODUCTIVITYPROFESSIONALSPROGRAM BENEFICIARIESPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICEPUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICESPUBLIC SECTOR JOBSPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC WORKSPUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMREDUNDANCYREDUNDANT WORKERSREEMPLOYMENT PROBABILITYREGIONAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICESREGULAR EMPLOYMENTSAFETYSAFETY NETSSELFEMPLOYMENTSEMISKILLED WORKERSSENIORITYSERVANTSSERVICE PROVIDERSERVICE PROVIDERSSEVERANCE PAYSHIFT WORKSKILLED WORKERSSMALL BUSINESSSOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL NEEDSSOCIAL SECURITYSTAFFSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISESSUITABLE EMPLOYMENTTEMPORARY WORKTERMINATIONTRAINING COURSESTRAINING PROGRAMSTRAINING PROVIDERSUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALSUNEMPLOYED PEOPLEUNEMPLOYED PERSONUNEMPLOYED PERSONSUNEMPLOYED YOUTHUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCEUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFICIARIESUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT RECIPIENTSUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT SYSTEMUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FUNDUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNEMPLOYMENT SPELLUNEMPLOYMENT SPELLSUNSKILLED LABORVOCATIONAL EDUCATIONVOCATIONAL REHABILITATIONWAGE LEVELSWAGE SUBSIDIESWAGE SUBSIDYWORK CAPACITYWORK EXPERIENCEWORKERWORKERSWORKINGWORKING CAPITALWORKING CONDITIONSWORKING HOURSWORKING TIMEWORKLOADWORKPLACEactivation policiesincentivessanctionsWorld Bank10.1596/13559