Hussain, Mustafa ZakirEtienne, Catherine2017-05-302017-05-302012-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26785This paper focused on the delivery mechanisms for bilateral, multi-lateral, host government subsidy, and consumer cross-subsidy funding to enhance private sector investment. However, the specific source of funds is not deemed to be especially relevant for the purposes of this working paper. Focus on some of the useful characteristics of Output-Based Aid (OBA) experience to date that may be relevant. Propose an option for how OBA experience could be used to deliver national and programmatic supports to projects in middle- and low-income countries in coordination with other multi-lateral development bank instruments such as concessional loans and credits. This working paper does not: specifically address strengths and weaknesses of the clean development mechanism and only briefly touches on issues with using carbon finance in the current market. Carry out an assessment of experience with feed-in tariffs or advanced market commitments, or indeed other results orientated schemes.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCEPTABLE COLLATERALACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO ENERGYACCESS TO FINANCEACCESS TO MODERN ENERGYADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITYAFFORDABILITYAFFORDABLE CREDITAID EFFECTIVENESSALTERNATIVE ENERGYAMOUNT OF CAPITALAPPROACHBANK FINANCINGBARRIERS TO INVESTMENTBIOGASBIOMASSBIOMASS GASCAPITAL COSTCAPITAL COSTSCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON FINANCECASH FLOWCASH FLOWSCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONCHECKSCLEAN ENERGYCLEAN ENERGY GENERATIONCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE POLICYCLIMATE SYSTEMCOMMERCIAL LENDINGCOMMODITY PRICECOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCONVENTIONAL ENERGYCOST OF ELECTRICITYCREDIBILITYCREDIT FACILITYCREDIT MARKETCREDIT RISKCREDIT SCHEMESCREDIT WORTHINESSCREDITSCURRENCY RISKCURRENCY RISKSDEBTDEBT FINANCEDEPOSITSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT COMPANYDIESELDISBURSEMENTDONOR FUNDSDONOR SUPPORTDRY CELL BATTERIESDUE DILIGENCEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY SUPPLYEMISSIONEMISSION FACTORSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY MIXENERGY POLICIESENERGY SOURCESENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSEQUIPMENTEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESEXTERNAL FINANCEFARMERSFINANCESFINANCIAL ANALYSISFINANCIAL CAPACITYFINANCIAL COSTFINANCIAL COSTSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL VIABILITYFINANCING NEEDSFINANCING REQUIREMENTSFIXED CAPITALFIXED RATEFLUORESCENT LAMPFOREIGN CURRENCYFUELFUTURE CASH FLOWSGENERATION CAPACITYGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASGOVERNMENT SUBSIDYGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGRID CONNECTIONGRID CONNECTIONSGRID ELECTRICITYGRID POWERHOST COUNTRYHOST GOVERNMENTHOUSEHOLDSHYDRO-POWERINCOME GROUPSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCEINITIAL INVESTMENTINSTITUTIONAL BARRIERSINSTRUMENTINTEREST RATEINTEREST RATESINTERNAL RATE OF RETURNINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONINTERNATIONAL INVESTORSINVESTINGINVESTMENT BARRIERINVESTMENT BARRIERSINVESTMENT CAPITALINVESTMENT DECISIONINVESTMENT FUNDSINVESTMENT PROJECTSINVESTMENT RISKKEROSENEKEY BENEFITSLEGAL INSTRUMENTSLENDERSLIQUIDITYLIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTSLOANLOAN PROGRAMLOCAL CURRENCYLOCAL ECONOMYLOCAL FINANCELOCAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSLOCAL FINANCIAL MARKETSLOW COST LOANSLOW-INCOME CONSUMERSMARKET FAILUREMARKET FAILURESMARKET VALUEMFIMFISMICRO CREDITMICRO-CREDITSMICRO-FINANCEMICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONMICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONSMICROCREDITMICROFINANCEMICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONSONSHORE WINDOPERATING COSTSPARTIAL RISKPAY-BACK PERIODSPERFORMANCE RISKPETROLEUMPETROLEUM IMPORTSPOLICY ENVIRONMENTPOLICY RESPONSEPOLLUTIONPORTFOLIOPOTENTIAL INVESTORSPOWER CONSUMERPOWER GENERATIONPRICE RISKPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE INVESTORPRIVATE SECTOR FINANCINGPUBLIC FACILITIESPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC POLICYRATES OF INTERESTRATES OF RETURNRECEIPTRENEWABLE ELECTRICITYRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTSRENEWABLE POWERRENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESREPAYMENTREPAYMENT PERIODRETURNSRISK MITIGATIONRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONRURAL ENERGYSAVINGSSOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGY GENERATIONSOLAR HOME SYSTEMSSOLAR LANTERNSSOLAR POWERSOURCE OF FUNDSSOURCES OF CREDITSUBSIDY FUNDINGSUPPLY COSTSSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL SUPPORTTRADINGTRADITIONAL FUELTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSACTIONS COSTSTRUST FUNDTRUST FUNDSUNIONUNIVERSAL ACCESSURBAN DEVELOPMENTUTILITIESUTILITY COMPANYWIND GENERATIONWIND PROJECTSWIND SPEEDSWORKING CAPITALWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/26785