Lora, Eduardo2012-05-302012-05-302007978-0-8213-6575-5https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6642This book examines four major areas of institutional reform: a) political institutions and the state organization; b) fiscal institutions, such as budget, tax and decentralization institutions; c) public institutions in charge of sectoral economic policies (financial, industrial, and infrastructure); and d) social sector institutions (pensions, social protection, and education). In each of these areas, the authors summarize the reform objectives, describe and measure their scope, assess the main outcomes, and identify the obstacles for implementation, especially those of an institutional nature.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYAUTONOMYBANK LOANSBANKING SUPERVISIONBANKRUPTCYBANKRUPTCY PROCEDURESBANKSBASIC SERVICESBONDSBUDGET DEFICITSBUDGET DISCIPLINEBUDGET INSTITUTIONSBUDGETARY INSTITUTIONSCAPACITY OF GOVERNMENTSCAPITAL MARKETCAPITAL MARKETSCAPITAL REQUIREMENTSCASH MANAGEMENTCENTRAL AMERICANCENTRAL BANKCENTRAL BANKSCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCHIEF EXECUTIVESCITIZEN PARTICIPATIONCOLLECTIVECOLLECTIVE ACTIONCOMPANYCOMPETITIVENESSCURRENCY BOARDDEBTDEBT CRISISDECENTRALIZATIONDECISION MAKINGDEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONSDEREGULATIONDEVELOPMENT BANKSDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDIVIDENDSEAST EUROPEANECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC REFORMECONOMIC RESEARCHEDUCATION EVALUATIONEDUCATION REFORMELECTRICITYEMPLOYMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXPORTSFINANCE MINISTRIESFINANCE MINISTRYFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SYSTEMSFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONSFISCAL BALANCEFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFISCAL DEFICITSFISCAL DISCIPLINEFISCAL INCENTIVESFISCAL INSTITUTIONSFISCAL POLICYFISCAL PROBLEMFISCAL REFORMFISCAL REFORMSFISCAL RESPONSIBILITYFISCAL RESULTSFISCAL REVENUEFOREIGN DEBTFOREIGN DEBT CRISISFREE TRADEGDPGDP PER CAPITAGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT STRUCTURESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH MODELSHARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTSINCIDENCE STUDIESINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINFLATIONINFLATION RATEINFLATION RATESINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL CAPITALINTERNATIONAL TRADELATIN AMERICANLAWSLICENSESLIMITEDLIQUIDATIONLIQUIDITYLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENTMACROECONOMIC POLICYMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMACROECONOMIC STABILIZATIONMARKET DEVELOPMENTMERITOCRACYMIDDLE EASTERNMINISTRY OF FINANCEMISMANAGEMENTMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTSMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL BUDGETSOIL PRICESOIL SHOCKSOPERATING EFFICIENCYPARTNERSHIPPENSION FUNDPENSION SYSTEMSPER CAPITA INCOMESPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPERSONAL INCOMEPERSONAL INCOME TAXPOLITICAL DECENTRALIZATIONPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL POWERPRICE INCREASESPRICE STABILITYPRIVATE BANKSPRIVATE PENSIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATIZATIONPROFITABILITYPROGRAMSPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLICPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC AGENCIESPUBLIC BORROWINGPUBLIC EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC INSTITUTIONSPUBLIC POLICYPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUANTITATIVE INDICATORSREFORM PROCESSREFORM PROCESSESREGRESSION ANALYSISREGULATORY AGENCIESSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIETIESSOCIETYSOUTH AMERICASOUTH AMERICANSTATE GOVERNMENTSSUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUBSIDIARYTAX COLLECTIONTAX INCENTIVESTAX INCIDENCETAX POLICYTAX RATESTAX REFORMTAX REVENUETAX REVENUESTAX SYSTEMSTAX TYPETELECOMMUNICATIONSTOTAL PUBLIC SECTORTRADE AGREEMENTTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE UNIONSTRANSPORTUNCERTAINTYURBAN DEVELOPMENTVALUE ADDEDInter-American Development Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-6575-5