World Bank2013-09-032013-09-032001-02-21https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15531The purpose of this Poverty Assessment is to provide background material and analysis that will assist the Government in designing this strategy, but it is not itself designed to formulate the strategy. Chapter 1 looks at the macro situation in historical perspective, including structural reform during the 1990s, and the current debt and balance of payments situation. Chapter 2 examines poverty in Nicaragua today and during 1993-98 and includes the results of a qualitative assessment of poverty. Chapter 3 looks at public expenditures in the social sectors and their impact on poverty. Chapter 4 looks at rural poverty and agriculture, while Chapter 5 lays out key issues that would be important to address in a poverty reduction strategy. Some key priorities emerge from the analysis that should be considered: 1) Broad-based growth is essential to reduce poverty. 2) Poverty reduction is limited by population growth. 3) Sustaining rural income growth. 4) Improvements are needed in the public sector to build strong programs that reach the poor. 5) Foreign capital inflows distort expenditures. 6) Donors share the responsibility with the Government to reconsider priorities in order to ensure greater impact of development assistance on poverty reduction. 7) Sustaining the provision of basic social services and building human capital. 8) Establishing effective social protection mechanisms for the poor.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAGEDAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL SECTORANNUAL GROWTHANNUAL RATEANTI-EXPORT BIASAVERAGE GROWTHBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBANKING SECTORCAPITA GROWTHCAPITAL FLOWSCAPITAL INFLOWSCAPITAL MARKETSCASE STUDYCHILD LABORCHILDBIRTHCITIZENSCIVIL SOCIETYCIVIL WARCONDITIONALITYCONSUMPTION DATACONSUMPTION EXPENDITURESCOST EFFECTIVENESSCRISESDEBT RELIEFDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT GOALSDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDISASTERSDOMESTIC INDUSTRIESDOMESTIC SAVINGSECONOMIC DECLINEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC POLICYEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXPORT TAXESEXTERNAL DEBTEXTERNAL SHOCKSEXTREME POVERTYFAMILIESFAMILY PLANNINGFATIGUEFINANCIAL MARKETSFOREIGN AIDFORMAL SAFETYGOVERNANCE ISSUESGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHEADCOUNT INDEXHEALTH CAREHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SURVEYHEAVY INVESTMENTHIGH GROWTHHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALILLITERACYIMPORT TARIFFSIMPORTSINCENTIVE POLICIESINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME GROWTHINEQUALITYINEQUALITY MEASURESINFANT MORTALITYINFECTIOUS DISEASESINFLATIONINFLATION RATESINFORMAL SAFETYINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINSURANCEINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINVESTMENT RATELABOR FORCELABOR INPUTSLABOR MARKETSLIFE EXPECTANCYLIVING STANDARDSLIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENTLOCAL LEVELLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTMACROECONOMIC IMBALANCESMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMALNUTRITIONMARKET ECONOMYMEASUREMENT PROBLEMSMEDICINESMONOPOLIESMORTALITYNATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATIONAL INCOMENATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL SYSTEMNEGATIVE IMPACTNUTRITIONNUTRITION EDUCATIONNUTRITIONAL STATUSOUTPUT GROWTHPARASITIC DISEASESPER CAPITA GROWTHPOLICY REFORMSPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR PEOPLEPOPULATION GROWTHPOVERTY ASSESSMENTPOVERTY COMPARISONSPOVERTY GROUPPOVERTY IMPACTPOVERTY INDICATORSPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MAPPOVERTY PROFILEPOVERTY PROJECTIONSPOVERTY REDUCINGPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPOVERTY STRATEGYPOVERTY TRENDSPOVERTY WORKPREGNANCYPRICE CHANGESPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE CONSUMPTIONPRIVATE COSTSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPUBLIC ACTIONSPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SPENDINGQUALITATIVE POVERTYRAPID GROWTHREAL EXCHANGE RATEREAL TERMSREDUCING POVERTYRURAL AREASRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYSAFETY NETSSAVINGSSECTOR EMPLOYMENTSERVICE PROVISIONSHORT TERMSOCIAL ACTIONSOCIAL INDICATORSSOCIAL ISSUESSOCIAL OUTCOMESSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL SPENDINGSTRUCTURAL REFORMSTRUCTURAL REFORMSTERMS OF TRADEUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POVERTYVIOLENCEWAGESWORKERSYOUNG WOMEN POVERTY ASSESSMENTSPOVERTY REDUCTIONFERTILITY RATESDOMESTIC VIOLENCERURAL POVERTYCHILD NUTRITIONMALNUTRITION IN CHILDRENINFANT MORTALITYMATERNAL MORTALITYPARASITIC DISEASESFOREIGN CAPITALILLITERACY RATESSOCIAL SERVICESPRIMARY EDUCATIONRURAL INCOMENUTRITION PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMSEXTERNAL DEBTACCESS TO HEALTH CAREPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC EXPENDITURES FOR EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITURES FOR HEALTHRURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTSSOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYNONFARM INCOMEMACROECONOMIC STABILITYPOPULATION INCREASEGENDER EQUALITYWorld Bankhttps://doi.org/10.1596/15531