World Bank2017-06-022017-06-022011-11https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26854The global financial roller coaster, with the Euro zone as its lead car, has hit economic prospects across the globe. The South African economy, with its close links to the world economy, has suffered, too, resulting in weakened growth prospects, lower fiscal revenues, lower and more volatile valuation of the rand, and dampened external financing. This further compounds the policy challenges facing the authorities, on top of their preoccupation with unyielding unemployment, which requires higher and more inclusive economic growth. Policymaking is also conditioned by a growing recognition that future growth needs to be less carbon-intensive. As elsewhere, opportunities in green economies are viewed with keen interest, as a way of simultaneously targeting a cleaner environment and stimulating innovation, growth, and job creation. While green policies can have large synergies and co-benefits with the growth and employment agenda, they are not a substitute for it. Indeed, such synergies are likely to be mutually enhancing and larger when the growth and environment objectives are being pursued by multiple, well-targeted and coordinated policies.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYADVERSE IMPACTAGGREGATE DEMANDAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIESAGRICULTUREAIRAIR POLLUTIONALLOCATIONANNUAL CHANGEAPPROACHASSETSATMOSPHEREBIOSPHEREBONDSCAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL FORMATIONCAPITAL MARKETSCARBONCARBON CONTENTCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON ENERGYCARBON INTENSITYCARBON TAXCENTRAL BANKCLEAN AIRCLEAN WATERCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONSCLOUDSCOCO2COALCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL BANKSCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVENESSCONSERVATION AREASCONSUMER PRICECONSUMER PRICE INDEXCONSUMERSCONSUMPTION OF ENERGYCPICRUDE OILDEBTDEBT BURDENDEFORESTATIONDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDISCOURAGED WORKERSDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONSDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONDURABLE GOODSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC EFFECTSECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OUTLOOKECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC RECOVERYECONOMIC STRUCTUREECONOMIC UNCERTAINTYECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY PRICESELECTRICITY SECTORELECTRICITY TARIFFEMISSIONEMISSION GROWTHEMISSIONSEMISSIONS FROM ENERGYEMISSIONS FROM ENERGY USEEMISSIONS GROWTHEMISSIONS MITIGATIONEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEEMPIRICAL RESEARCHEMPIRICAL STUDIESENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY DEMANDENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURESENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATIONENERGY INTENSITYENERGY MIXENERGY POLICIESENERGY PRICEENERGY PRICESENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY SUBSIDIESENERGY SUPPLYENERGY USEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTAL GOODSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXPENDITURESEXPORT GROWTHEXPORTSFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL RISKSFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SERVICESFISCAL POLICYFISHERIESFORECASTSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFORESTFOSSILFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL PRICEGDPGDP PER CAPITAGENERATION CAPACITYGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCEGLOBAL EMISSIONSGOLDGOVERNMENT DEBTGREEN ENERGYGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATIONGROSS NATIONAL INCOMEGROSS VALUEGROWTH POLICIESGROWTH POLICYGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATEHIGH ENERGY INTENSITYHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHUMAN CAPITALHYDROSPHEREIMPORT PRICESIMPORTSINFLATIONINTEREST RATEINTERMEDIATE GOODSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORIESJOBSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLAND USELOW INTEREST RATESLOW TARIFFLOW-CARBONMACROECONOMIC POLICIESMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET FAILUREMARKET FAILURESMENU COSTSMETALSMONETARY POLICYNATIONAL ACCOUNTSNATIONAL INCOMENATURAL CAPITALNATURAL GASNET DOMESTIC PRODUCTNET EXPORTSNUCLEAR POWEROILOIL EQUIVALENTOIL PRICEOIL PRICESPEPHPLATINUMPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPORTFOLIOPOSITIVE EFFECTSPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTSPOWER SHORTAGESPRICE INCREASESPRICE INDEXPRICE SUBSIDIESPRIMARY ENERGYPRODUCERSPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC GOODSPURCHASING POWERREAL GDPRECYCLINGREDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTIONRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSRETROFITTINGRISK AVERSIONSCENARIOSSILVERSINKSOCIAL COSTSSTRUCTURAL CHANGESUBSTITUTIONSUPPLY SIDESUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESSTERMS OF TRADETRADE BALANCETRADE BARRIERSTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADEOFFSTRADING PARTNERSUNCERTAINTIESUNDERESTIMATESUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEVALUATIONVALUE ADDEDWATER QUALITYWEALTHWINDWIND POWERWTOReportWorld Bank10.1596/26854