Rambe, ViviantiJohnsen, Steffen2015-01-072015-01-072013-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21128The PNPM Green program has been implemented for four years. The studies reported in summary here were undertaken to identify the benefits of the program, and to examine to what extent the program meets its objective to make the utilization of natural resources by rural communities sustainable. PNPM Green aims to improve environmental and natural resources management (NRM) and associated governance, while increasing household incomes in poor communities, and empowering local groups who prepare and execute the sub-projects and activities. To assess the effects and outcomes of PNPM Green in targeting these objectives, the Economic and Livelihoods Study applied the concepts of financial, natural, human, and social assets, as well as influence and access . The Micro-Hydropower Return on Investment (MHP ROI) Study analyzed Micro-Hydropower (MHP) schemes using a business assessment methodology. This was expanded by incorporating non-tangible and social benefits of MHP schemes. The Spillover Effect Study measured the extent of benefits in non-participating communities. These studies indicate that participation of beneficiaries in PNPM Green sub-projects and activities is likely to be higher if the sub-project: (a) conforms to the priority needs of participants livelihoods; (b) provides immediate benefits to the community; (c) directly increases household incomes in participating communities; (d) is supported by local values, local regulations, or local knowledge; and (e) is co-facilitated by community leaders and local government officials. Sub-projects with these characteristics are also more likely to be replicated by other villages.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOALGAL GROWTHAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYAQUATIC RESOURCESBAMBOOBASELINE DATABEACHBENEFICIARY GROUPSBIODIVERSITYBIOMASSBREEDINGBREEDING HABITATSCAPACITY BUILDINGCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECATCHMENT AREACOASTAL COMMUNITYCOASTAL ZONESCOLLECTIVE ACTIONCOMMUNITIESCOMMUNITY ACTIVITIESCOMMUNITY CONTRIBUTIONSCOMMUNITY EMPOWERMENTCOMMUNITY ENGAGEMENTCOMMUNITY FACILITATORSCOMMUNITY INCOMECOMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURECOMMUNITY INVESTMENTCOMMUNITY LEADERSCOMMUNITY MEETINGSCOMMUNITY MEMBERSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCOMPOSTCONSERVATION INITIATIVESCONSUMPTION PATTERNSCORALCORAL REEFSCOST EFFECTIVENESSCOST SAVINGSCRABSDECISIONMAKINGDEFORESTATIONDEVELOPMENT PLANNINGDISTRICTSECOLOGYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC IMPACTECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEMSELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMPOWERMENT APPROACHENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTEXPENDITURESFISHFISH CATCHFISH POPULATIONSFISHERIESFISHERSFISHINGFISHING TIMEFOOD WEBSFORESTFOREST DEGRADATIONFOREST MANAGEMENTFORESTRYFORESTSFOSSIL FUELSGENDERGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSHABITATHABITAT FOR FISHHABITATSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLDSINDICATORS OF SUCCESSINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINTERVENTIONSISSUESKEY INDICATORSKEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWSLEARNINGLIVELIHOODLIVELIHOODSLOCAL CAPACITYLOCAL COMMUNITIESLOCAL GROUPSMANGROVESMARINE BIOTAMARINE SPECIESNATURAL CAPITALNATURAL RESOURCE GOVERNANCENATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTNATURAL RESOURCE USENATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTNEEDS ASSESSMENTNGOOILOIL PRODUCTIONPALMPARTICIPATION RATESPARTICIPATORY PROCESSPLANTPOLLUTIONPRESENT VALUEPROCUREMENTPRODUCERSPROGRAMSPROJECT BENEFICIARIESPROJECT IMPLEMENTATIONPROJECT MANAGEMENTQUALITATIVE ANALYSISREDUCING EMISSIONSREEFREEF CONDITIONREGIONAL PLANNINGRIVER CATCHMENTRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL ENVIRONMENTSEAWEEDSELF-HELPSHELLFISHSOCIAL ASSESSMENTSOCIAL SUSTAINABILITYSPECIESSUSTAINABILITY INDICATORSSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTSUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCESUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENTTARGETINGTIMBERTIMBER HARVESTINGTOURISMTREETREE PLANTINGTREESTUNAVILLAGE CHARACTERISTICSVILLAGE COMMUNITIESVILLAGE DEVELOPMENTVILLAGE LEVELVILLAGESWAGESWASTE MANAGEMENTWILDLIFEWILDLIFE CONSERVATION10.1596/21128