Ledec, George C.Rapp, Kennan W.Aiello, Roberto G.2012-03-192012-03-192011-12-01978-0-8213-8926-3https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2388This report identifies good practices for managing the key environmental and social issues associated with wind power development and provides advice on how best to address these issues in project planning, construction, and operation and maintenance. It provides detailed background information on wind power, with special focus on two emerging themes of growing scientific and public interest: namely the biodiversity-related impacts and the broader socioeconomic and cultural dimensions of wind power development. Like wind power itself, the scope of this report is worldwide although special attention is paid to the issues characteristic of the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. While the principal focus is on land-based wind power, it also briefly addresses the environmental and social impacts related to off shore wind development. Wind power today is widely regarded as a key component of an environmentally sustainable, low-carbon energy future because it is renewable, requires almost no water, and generates near-zero emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. In many parts of the world, wind power has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electric power generation, thereby helping to limit the severe environmental and social consequences of human-induced climate change. The growth of wind power has also occurred due to its other positive attributes, including growing economic competitiveness. The adverse biodiversity-related impacts of wind power facilities mainly involve birds, bats, and natural habitats.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS ROADSACIDACID RAINAIRAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION PROBLEMSAPPROACHAQUATIC LIFEASHAVAILABILITYBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONBIOMASSBIOMASS COMBUSTIONBIRD MORTALITYBIRD SPECIESBIRDSCARBON CREDITSCARBON DIOXIDECARBON EMISSIONSCARBON ENERGYCARBON FOOTPRINTCARBON FUNDCARBON OFFSETCARBON SINKCARBON TECHNOLOGIESCERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONSCLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE CHANGE PROBLEMCOALCOAL MINESCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCROP RESIDUESDESERTSDIESELELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER GENERATIONELECTRIC TRANSMISSIONELECTRIC UTILITIESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY DEMANDELECTRICITY FROM WINDELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSEMPLOYMENTENERGY DEVELOPMENTENERGY NEEDSENERGY SOURCESENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSFEEDSTOCKFOGFORESTFOREST CLEARINGFOREST EDGEFOREST EDGESFOREST PLANTATIONSFORESTSFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL PRICESFOSSIL FUELSFUEL OILFUELSFUTURE CLIMATE CHANGEGAS FLARINGGENERATING CAPACITYGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGHGGLOBAL CLIMATEGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITYGLOBAL WIND POWERGREEN ENERGYGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGRID WIND POWERHEATHYDROLOGICAL CHANGESHYDROPOWERICEIPCCLARGE WIND TURBINELARGE WIND TURBINESLIFTLOW-CARBONMETHANEMITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGEMITIGATION ACTIONSMODERN WIND TURBINESNATURAL FORESTSNATURAL GASNEGATIVE IMPACTNEGATIVE IMPACTSNET GREENHOUSE GASNUCLEAR POWEROFFSHORE WINDOFFSHORE WIND DEVELOPMENTOFFSHORE WIND FARMSOFFSHORE WINDSOILOIL SPILLSONSHORE WINDPESTICIDESPETROLEUMPOLLUTANTSPOLLUTION PREVENTIONPOWER FACILITIESPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIESPOWER INVESTMENTSPOWER LINESPOWER PLANTSPOWER PROJECTPOWER SECTORPOWER TRANSMISSION GRIDPRECAUTIONARY APPROACHPREVAILING WINDSRADIOACTIVE WASTERAINY SEASONREDUCING CARBON EMISSIONSREGIONAL ELECTRICITYREGIONAL ELECTRICITY GRIDRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGYRENEWABLE RESOURCESROTOR BLADESROTORSSCIENTIFIC CONSENSUSSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCESCIENTISTSSEASONSILVERSMALLER TURBINESSOLAR THERMALSUSTAINABLE ENERGYSUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCESYNERGISTIC EFFECTTHERMAL TECHNOLOGIESTRANSMISSION LINESTROPICAL ZONESTROPICSTURBINETURBINE BLADESTURBINE ROTORTURBINE WIND FARMUNDERGROUND MINESURANIUMVEHICLESVERIFICATION PROTOCOLVOLATILE PRICESWATER QUALITYWEATHER CONDITIONSWINDWIND CAPACITYWIND DEVELOPERSWIND DEVELOPMENTWIND ENERGYWIND FARMWIND FARM PROJECTWIND FARMSWIND GENERATIONWIND INDUSTRYWIND POWERWIND POWER CAPACITYWIND POWER DEVELOPMENTWIND POWER GENERATIONWIND POWER MARKETWIND POWER POTENTIALWIND POWER PROJECTWIND PROJECTWIND PROJECTSWIND RESOURCEWIND RESOURCESWIND SPEEDWIND SPEEDSWIND TURBINEWIND TURBINE BLADESWIND TURBINE TOWERSWIND TURBINESWINDSWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8926-3