Kavalsky, BasilHartmann, Arntraud2017-08-152017-08-152010978-1-60244-153-8https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27864The Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) instrument was put to use at an opportune juncture in 2003 when, after a period of economic crisis, macroeconomic stability had been restored to Ghana and a reform process had been mapped out. The Bank used this instrument to signal strong support to the Government for the reform process, which was at risk of being derailed in the run up to the 2004 elections. The PRSC was perceived as a clear departure from previous adjustment lending, which was characterized by acrimonious negotiation of conditions. Following independence from Britain some 50 years ago, Ghana experienced rapid economic growth, spurred by commodity exports and industrialization linked to import-substitution policies. But by the early 1980s, standards of living had declined sharply, and Ghana had joined the ranks of other low-income African countries. Ghana's economic reform program, launched in 1983, marked a notable change in policy direction and a shift from a state-controlled economy to a more market-driven system. Ghana made progress in regaining macroeconomic stability and achieved its Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative completion point by 2004. Even so, progress was uneven, and the economy remained vulnerable. Ghana was among Africa's top 10 performers in the 2008 doing business report, and its ranking on corruption indicators is the best of low-income African countries. A recent national survey found that 75 percent of households regard corruption as a serious national problem, and 80 believe it has worsened in recent years.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO SAFE WATERACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGACHIEVEMENT OF OUTCOMESADJUSTMENT LENDINGADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKANNUAL PERFORMANCEANNUAL REVIEWSASSESSMENT PROCESSAUDIT SYSTEMSAUDITOR-GENERALBANK LENDINGBANK POLICYBANK PORTFOLIOBENEFICIARIESBORROWERBORROWING CAPACITYBUDGET CYCLEBUDGET DISCUSSIONSBUDGET FRAMEWORKBUDGET OUTCOMESBUDGET PROCESSBUDGET SUPPORTBUDGET SUPPORT OPERATIONSBUDGETARY EXPENDITURESBUDGETARY MANAGEMENTBUDGETARY REFORMSBUDGETARY RESOURCESBUDGETARY SYSTEMSBUDGETINGCAPACITY BUILDINGCAPITAL MARKETCAPITATION GRANTCIVIL LIBERTIESCIVIL SERVANTSCIVIL SERVICECIVIL SERVICE REFORMCIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATIONCOMPOSITION OF EXPENDITURESCONDITIONALITYDEBTDEBT RELIEFDECENTRALIZATIONDECENTRALIZATION PROGRAMDEMOCRATIC PROCESSESDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVOLUTION OF RESPONSIBILITIESDIAGNOSTIC WORKDISBURSEMENTDISBURSEMENTSDIVISION OF LABORDONOR ASSISTANCEDONOR COORDINATIONDONOR FUNDINGDONOR FUNDSDONOR INFLOWSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICYEDUCATION BUDGETEDUCATION EXPENDITURESEDUCATION POLICIESEDUCATION SERVICESEDUCATION SPENDINGEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURE CONTROLSEXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMEXPENDITURES ON HEALTHEXTRA BUDGETARY FUNDSFINANCE MINISTRYFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATIONFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMFINANCIAL STATEMENTSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCING ARRANGEMENTSFISCAL DEFICITSFISCAL IMBALANCESFISCAL POSITIONFISCAL PROBLEMSFUNGIBLEGENERAL BUDGET SUPPORTGOVERNMENT BUDGETGOVERNMENT DEBTGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIPGOVERNMENT POLICYGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH FINANCING SYSTEMHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH INSURANCE FUNDHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PROGRAMSHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICESHUMAN DEVELOPMENTINCOME LEVELSINFLATIONINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTSINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINSTRUMENTINTERNAL AUDITINTERNATIONAL CAPITALINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINVESTMENT ACTIVITIESLENDING INSTRUMENTSLIVING STANDARDSLOANMACRO-STABILITYMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMINISTRY OF FINANCEMONETARY FUNDMONITOR PERFORMANCENATIONAL DEVELOPMENTOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYOUTCOME MEASUREPERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTPERFORMANCE MEASURESPERFORMANCE REVIEWPOLICY FORMULATIONPOVERTY REDUCINGPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIESPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGYPOVERTY REDUCTION SUPPORTPOVERTY-REDUCING EXPENDITUREPRIVATE SECTORPROGRAM BUDGETSPROGRAM OUTCOMESPROGRAMSPUBLIC ACCOUNTSPUBLIC BUDGETPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT REFORMPUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEWPUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKINGPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTPUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROJECTPUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMPUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSPUBLIC FUNDINGPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC MANAGEMENTPUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENTPUBLIC SECTOR REFORMPUBLIC SECTOR SPENDINGPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESQUALITY CONTROLREALLOCATIONSRECURRENT EXPENDITURESREFORM AGENDAREFORM PROCESSREFORM PROGRAMRESOURCE FLOWSRESOURCE LEVELSRESOURCE MANAGEMENTREVENUE SOURCESSANITATIONSECTOR BUDGETSECTOR MINISTRIESSECTORAL POLICIESSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVISIONSOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL EXPENDITURESSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL PROTECTIONSTRATEGIC RESOURCE ALLOCATIONSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTSTRUCTURAL REFORMTELECOMMUNICATIONSTOTAL EXPENDITURETOTAL EXPENDITURESTOTAL PUBLIC SECTORTRADE UNIONSTRANCHETRANCHESTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSPARENCYTRUST FUNDWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/978-1-60244-153-8