World Bank2014-09-092014-09-092014-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20024Indonesia has made notable progress in raising attainment levels in primary and secondary school. More than 1 million additional students graduated high school in 2012 when compared with 1999, and graduation rates are expected to increase further. Major efforts are being made throughout the system to improve learning outcomes and ensure graduates have more knowledge and better skills. This progress at primary and secondary school creates more demand for tertiary education (TE). Most students (88 percent in a recent survey) profess a desire to continue studying after high school. Indonesia's TE system, however, is not well prepared to help create relevant, high-quality opportunities for this growing pool of high school graduates. Wages for those with TE are high and have remained so even as more and more workers enter the labor market with at least some TE. TE is a good investment in Indonesia, even when one attends a TE institution (TEI) of perceived low quality. Empirical analyses of labor markets do not support the anecdotes about large numbers of unemployed and underpaid workers with TE. This fact is a main general conclusion that should shape the direction of TE policy in Indonesia.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABILITY LEVELSACADEMIC ABILITYACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTACADEMIC POLICYACADEMIC POSITIONSACADEMIC PROGRAMSACADEMIC RIGORACADEMIC YEARACCREDITATION SYSTEMADVANCED DEGREEADVANCED DEGREESADVANCED HUMAN CAPITALAGE COHORTAGE RANGESBASIC EDUCATIONBASIC EDUCATION CYCLECAREERCAREER ADVANCEMENTCAREER PROSPECTSCIVIL SERVICECIVIL SOCIETYCOLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMCOLLEGE GRADUATESCOMMUNITY COLLEGECOMMUNITY COLLEGESCOMPETENCIESCOMPLETION RATESCOMPUTER SCIENCEDEGREE PROGRAMSDEGREESDEMAND FOR GRADUATESDIPLOMASDISADVANTAGED STUDENTSDISCIPLINESDROPOUT RATESECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATED WORKFORCEEDUCATION DEGREEEDUCATION EXPENDITURESEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATION LEVELSEDUCATION SYSTEMSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONSELEMENTSEMPLOYED GRADUATESEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMESENROLLMENT DATAENROLLMENT RATESENROLLMENT TARGETSENTRANCE EXAMEXAMSEXPENDITURESFACULTY QUALIFICATIONSFORMAL LEARNINGFUTURE STUDENTSGIFTED STUDENTSGRADE LEVELSGRADUATE TAXESGRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENTGRADUATION RATEGRADUATION RATESGRANT PROGRAMSGROSS ENROLLMENTGROSS ENROLLMENT RATEGROSS TERTIARY ENROLLMENTHIGH SCHOOLHIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMAHIGH SCHOOL GRADUATESHIGH SCHOOL STUDENTSHIGHER EDUCATIONHIGHER EDUCATION COMMUNITYHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSHIGHER EDUCATION LAWHIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMHIGHER ENROLLMENTHIGHER INCOMESHIGHER TUITIONHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN RESOURCESINCOME-CONTINGENTINCOME-CONTINGENT LOANSINSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITATIONINSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMYINSTRUCTIONINSTRUCTORSINTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENTJUNIOR SECONDARYLABOR FORCELABOR FORCESLABOR MARKET DEMANDLABOR MARKETSLEADERSHIPLEARNERSLEARNINGLEARNING GOALSLEARNING OPPORTUNITIESLEARNING OUTCOMESLECTURERSLEVEL OF EDUCATIONLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIBERAL ARTSLITERATURELOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINORITY GROUPSNATIONAL ACCREDITATIONNATIONAL EDUCATIONNET ENROLLMENTNEW ENTRANTSNUMERACYOCCUPATIONSOPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTSPEER GROUPPERFORMANCE INDICATORSPOLYTECHNICSPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONPRIVATE INSTITUTIONSPRIVATE UNIVERSITIESPRIVATE UNIVERSITYPROFESSIONAL COMPETENCEPROFESSORSPUBLIC AWARENESSPUBLIC INSTITUTIONSPUBLIC UNIVERSITIESPUBLIC UNIVERSITYQUALIFIED TEACHERSQUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMSQUALITY LEARNINGQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATIONQUALITY SCHOOLSQUALITY SECONDARY SCHOOLSRATES OF RETURNREASONINGRESEARCH INSTITUTIONSRESEARCH UNIVERSITIESRESEARCHERSRETENTION RATESRETURN TO EDUCATIONRETURNS TO EDUCATIONRURAL AREASSCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMSCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMSSCHOLARSHIPSSCHOOLINGSCHOOLSSCIENTIFIC PAPERSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY GRADUATESSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTSSENIOR SECONDARYSKILL LEVELSSKILLED WORKERSSKILLED WORKFORCESTATE UNIVERSITIESSTUDENT ASSISTANCESTUDENT ATTENDANCESTUDENT CHARACTERISTICSSTUDENT ENROLLMENTSTUDENT FINANCIAL AIDSTUDENT LEARNINGSTUDENT LOANSTUDENT LOAN PROGRAMSSTUDENT LOANSSTUDENT POPULATIONSTUDENT PROGRESSSUBJECTSSUPPLY OF GRADUATESTEACHERTEACHERSTEACHINGTECHNICAL EDUCATIONTEITERTIARY EDUCATIONTERTIARY EDUCATION COVERAGETERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONSTERTIARY GRADUATESTERTIARY STUDENTSTEST SCORESTUITIONTUITION COSTSTUITION FEESTUTORINGUNIVERSITIESUNIVERSITY ADMISSIONSUNIVERSITY DEGREESUNIVERSITY EDUCATIONUNIVERSITY PROGRAMSUNIVERSITY STUDENTSWORKERSYOUTH10.1596/20024