World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192010-12-31https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2974This report assesses some of the key barriers to greater trade and factor market integration in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). The SADC has been a free trade area since 2008, and has an ambitious agenda for further trade integration. This report assesses the roles that cross-country differences in business environments have had in impeding cross-border trade flows and the cross-border integration of credit markets and the labor market based on the analysis of microeconomic data on firms and households. The aim of the assessment is to help inform the policy and business environment harmonization agenda of the community. The full report discusses and illustrates the use of price data in monitoring intraregional trade integration. The report evaluates the extent of integration of labor markets among members the statistical agencies of which regularly collect the minimum data required for this purpose, which are South Africa, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Zambia. The results show that, although there is considerable integration of South Africa's labor market with many others in the region, the degree of integration is rather low. This reflects the fact that both trade and capital flows are far more restricted in the region than in places where there is greater cross-border labor market integration.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIBILITYALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCYAPARTHEIDARBITRAGEAVERAGE TARIFFBANKING INDUSTRIESBANKING INDUSTRYBARRIERBARRIERS TO ENTRYBARRIERS TO INVESTMENTBORDER TRADEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTSBUSINESS REGULATIONCAPITAL ACCOUNTCAPITAL ACCOUNTSCAPITAL CONTROLSCAPITAL FLOWSCAPITAL GOODSCAPITAL INTENSITYCAPITAL STOCKCODE OF CONDUCTCODES OF CONDUCTCOLLATERALCOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMMON MARKETCOMPETITION LAWSCOMPETITION POLICIESCOMPETITION POLICYCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONNECTIVITYCONSUMER GOODSCONSUMER PRICE INFLATIONCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCOST SAVINGSCREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEMSCROSS-BORDER CAPITALCROSS-BORDER TRANSACTIONCUSTOMS ADMINISTRATIONCUSTOMS CLEARANCECUSTOMS PROCEDURESCUSTOMS UNIONDEMOCRACYDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDOMESTIC INDUSTRIESDOMESTIC INDUSTRYDOMESTIC MARKETSDOMESTIC PRODUCERSDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONDRIVERSECONOMIC CONVERGENCEECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIES OF SCALEEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET ECONOMIESENVIRONMENTSEVIDENCE OF CONVERGENCEEXCHANGE RATESEXPORT BIASEXPORT DIVERSIFICATIONEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT VALUEEXPORT VOLUMESEXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTERNAL FINANCEEXTERNAL TARIFFFACTOR MARKET INTEGRATIONFACTORS OF PRODUCTIONFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INTEGRATIONFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL PRODUCTSFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONSFIXED ASSETSFLOW OF CAPITALFOREIGN COMPANIESFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFREE TRADEFREE TRADE AGREEMENTFREE TRADE AREAGDPGDP PER CAPITAGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL TRADEGLOBALIZATIONGOVERNANCE INDICATORSGOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENTGOVERNMENT OWNERSHIPGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH IN TRADEGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESHARMONIZATIONHARMONIZATION OF COMPETITION POLICIESHIGH UNEMPLOYMENTHUMAN CAPITALIMPORT PROTECTIONIMPORT TARIFFSINCOMEINCOME GROUPINCOME GROUPSINCOMESINDUSTRY TRADEINEFFICIENCYINSURANCEINTERMEDIATE GOODSINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIESJUDICIAL SYSTEMSJURISDICTIONLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET INTEGRATIONLABOR MARKETSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLEGAL FRAMEWORKLIBERALIZATIONLIBERALIZATION OF TRADELONG-TERM FINANCELOW-INCOME ECONOMIESMANUFACTURING INDUSTRYMANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITYMARGINAL PRODUCTIVITYMARGINAL REVENUEMARKET COMPETITIONMARKET DISTORTIONSMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET INTEGRATIONMARKET POWERMARKET SHAREMARKET SHARESMERGERSMICROFINANCEMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIESMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIESMOBILITYNATURAL RESOURCESNOMINAL INTEREST RATESOPENNESSOUTPUTPER CAPITA INCOMEPOLITICAL STABILITYPORT SERVICESPOWER OUTAGESPOWER PARITYPRICE DIFFERENCESPRICE SPREADSPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCERSPRODUCTION INPUTSPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROTECTION RATESPUBLIC UTILITIESPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPURCHASING POWERRAILWAYRATE OF GROWTHRATE OF RETURNRATE OF RETURN TO CAPITALRATES OF PROTECTIONREAL EXCHANGE RATESREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADEREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATIONREGULATORREGULATORY BARRIERSREGULATORY FRAMEWORKRISK PREMIUMRULES OF ORIGINSKILLED WORKERSSMALL BUSINESSSMALL BUSINESSESSMALL COUNTRIESSTARTUPTARIFF BARRIERSTARIFF RATESTARIFF REDUCTIONTAXTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRADE BARRIERSTRADE COSTSTRADE FLOWSTRADE INTEGRATIONTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE REGIMETRADE VOLUMESTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGYTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT COSTSTREASURYVOLATILITYWAGE CHANGESWAGE RATESWAGESWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSWORLD ECONOMYWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorld Bank10.1596/2974