van de Walle, DominiqueRavallion, Martin2012-05-252012-05-252008978-0-8213-7274-6https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6433The policy reforms called for in the transition from a socialist command economy to a developing market economy bring both opportunities and risks to a country's citizens. In poor economies, the initial focus of reform efforts is naturally the rural sector, which is where one finds the bulk of the population and almost all the poor. Economic development will typically entail moving many rural households out of farming into more remunerative (urban and rural) non-farm activities. Reforms that shift the rural economy from the relatively rigid, control-based farming institutions found under socialist agriculture to a more flexible, market-based model in which production incentives are strong can thus play an important role in the process of economic growth. However, such reforms present a major challenge to policy makers, who are concerned that they will generate socially unacceptable inequalities in land and other dimensions relevant to people's living standards. This book studies how the changes in land institutions and land allocation required for Vietnam's agrarian transition affected people's living standards-notably that of the country's rural poor. Living standards means household command over commodities, as measured by consumptionen-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYACCOUNTABILITYAGRARIAN REFORMAGRARIAN REFORMSAGRARIAN STRUCTUREAGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVESAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL WAGEAGRICULTUREALLOCATIONALLOCATION OF LANDANTIPOVERTY POLICIESAUTONOMYBARGAINING MODELSBUREAUCRACYCENTRAL GOVERNMENTSCLAIMS OVER LANDCOLLECTIVE FARMINGCOLLECTIVE LANDCOMMERCIAL BANKCOMMUNAL TENURECOMMUNISMCOMMUNITY MANAGEMENTCONFLICTCONSOLIDATIONCOUNTERFACTUALCROPLANDCROPSCULTIVATIONDISTRIBUTION OF LANDDISTRIBUTIONAL OUTCOMESECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC EFFICIENCYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMICSEGALITARIANISMEQUIPMENTETHNIC GROUPSETHNIC MINORITIESEXTREME POVERTYFAMINEFARM HOUSEHOLDSFARMLANDFEEDFEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDSFOOD AIDFOOD AVAILABILITYFOOD SUPPLYGAME THEORYGENDERHIGH INEQUALITYHIGHER INEQUALITYHISTORICAL CONTEXTHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDSHOUSEHOLD SIZEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUNGERIDEOLOGYIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSIMPACT ASSESSMENTSIMPACT ON POVERTYIMPERFECT INFORMATIONINCOMEINCOME GROWTHINCOME INEQUALITYINCOMESINEQUALITYINSURANCEIRRIGATIONLABOR MARKETSLAND APPROPRIATIONLAND ASSETSLAND CONSOLIDATIONLAND INEQUALITYLAND LAWLAND MARKETSLAND OWNERSHIPLAND PARCELSLAND QUALITYLAND REALLOCATIONLAND REDISTRIBUTIONLAND REFORMLAND REFORMSLAND RIGHTSLAND TENURELAND TENURE REFORMLAND TITLESLAND TITLINGLAND TRANSFERSLAND USELANDHOLDINGSLANDLESS HOUSEHOLDSLANDLESS LABORERSLANDLESSNESSLANDOWNERSLAWSLIVELIHOODSLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMARKET ECONOMIESMARKET ECONOMYMARKET FAILURESMARKETINGMIGRATIONPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOOR ECONOMIESPOOR FAMILIESPOOR FARMERSPOOR PEOPLEPOVERTY INCIDENCEPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY RATESPOVERTY REDUCINGPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIVATE LANDPRIVATE OWNERSHIPPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTIVITYPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC GOODSPUBLIC POLICIESPUBLIC POLICYREPUBLICRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRETIREMENTRURALRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITYRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL ECONOMIC GROWTHRURAL ECONOMYRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INEQUALITIESRURAL INSTITUTIONSRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL PRODUCTIONRURAL ROADSRURAL SECTORRURAL WORKERSSAFETY NETSSMALL FARMSSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL COSTSSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIALISMSTRUCTURAL REFORMSSUBSIDIARYTARGETINGTAXTENANT FARMERSTRADE-OFFTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSITION ECONOMIESUNIVERSITIESURBANIZATIONVILLAGE ECONOMIESWAGE RATESWARWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7274-6