Briceno-Garmendia, CeciliaPushak, Nataliya2012-03-192012-03-192011-11-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3655Infrastructure made a net contribution of just over two percentage points to Botswana's improved per capita growth performance in recent years. Raising the country s infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost annual growth by about 1.2 percentage points. Botswana has made significant infrastructure progress in recent years, spanning the transport, water and sanitation, power, and mobile telephony sectors. But the country still faces a number of important infrastructure challenges. The most pressing is in the power sector, where the country is economically and financially exposed to a lack of generation capacity and insufficient power supply, leaving the economy vulnerable to power price shocks and load shedding. Botswana's international transport connections and Internet connectivity also lag behind those of comparable countries. Botswana's overall resource envelope of $800 million per year surpasses its $785 million needs estimate. Nevertheless, it loses $68 million a year to inefficiencies and faces a funding gap of $305 million per year, entirely in the power sector, traceable to the quality of spending decisions. Botswana will be in a good position to meet its infrastructure goals if it can reduce inefficiencies, increase public-sector receipts, and attract more public funding.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESSIBILITYAIRAIR PASSENGERAIR TRANSPORTAIRCRAFTAIRPORTSALLOCATING WATER RIGHTSAPPROACHAVAILABILITYBALANCEBANDWIDTHBASINSBORDER TRAFFICBOREHOLESBOTTLENECKSBRIDGEBROADBAND MARKETBULK WATERBULK WATER SUPPLYCABLECABLE SYSTEMCANAL MAINTENANCECANALSCAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL EXPENDITURECAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCAPITAL MARKETSCARCARRIERSCASH FLOWSCEMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCOALCOAL MINECOAL PLANTCOST RECOVERYCOVERINGCUBIC METERCUBIC METERSDEEP WELLSDEMAND FOR POWERDISCOUNT RATEDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDOMESTIC COALDOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTIONDRAINAGEDRINKING WATERECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC SERVICESECONOMIES OF SCALEELECTRIC UTILITYELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITYELECTRICITY SECTORELECTRICITY TARIFFELECTRIFICATIONENERGY DEMANDENGINEERINGEVAPORATIONFINANCIAL VIABILITYFLUSH TOILETSFREIGHTFREIGHT TRAFFICGENERATING CAPACITYGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH RATESHIGHWAYHIGHWAY NETWORKHOUSEHOLDSINFRASTRUCTURE ASSETSINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGINFRASTRUCTURE PROVISIONINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINLAND TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATIONINTERNATIONAL AVIATIONINTERNATIONAL GATEWAYSINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL TRAVELINVESTMENT CLIMATEINVESTMENT COSTINVESTMENT COSTSINVESTMENT TARGETSINVESTMENTS IN POWERIRRIGATIONKILOWATT-HOURLENGTH OF ROADLOCAL CALLLOCAL COUNCILSLOCOMOTIVEMAINTENANCE COSTSMARKET ACCESSMARKET CONCENTRATIONMINERAL RESOURCESMINERALSNATURAL MONOPOLYNATURAL RESOURCESNONREVENUE WATERO&MOPEN ACCESSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYOPERATIONAL PERFORMANCEOPERATORSPASSENGER NUMBERSPASSENGER SERVICESPASSENGER TRAFFICPASSENGERSPEAK LOADPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTSPETROLEUMPIPED WATERPOPULATION CENTERSPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTHPOWERPOWER CONSUMPTIONPOWER CORPORATIONPOWER DISTRIBUTIONPOWER DISTRIBUTION SECTORPOWER GENERATING CAPACITYPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER GRIDPOWER PLANTPOWER PURCHASEPOWER REQUIREMENTSPOWER SECTORPRESSUREPRIVATE PARTICIPATIONPRIVATISATIONPROVISION OF WATERPROVISION OF WATER SUPPLYPUBLIC FUNDINGPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC SECTORRAILRAIL OPERATORRAILROADRAILWAYRAILWAY NETWORKRAILWAYSRAINFALLRAW MATERIALSRETAIL COMPETITIONREVENUE COLLECTIONRIPARIAN RIGHTSROADROAD EXPANSIONROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD SECTORROAD TRAFFICROADSRUNOFFRURAL WATERSAFETYSANITATIONSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION INVESTMENTSSANITATION SECTORSANITATION UTILITIESSERVICE OPERATORSERVICE PROVIDERSSEWERAGE SERVICESSODA ASHSURFACE WATERTARIFF ADJUSTMENTSTARIFF LEVELSTARIFF POLICYTARIFF REVISIONSTARIFF SETTINGTRAFFIC LEVELSTRANSITTRANSPORTTRANSPORT INDICATORSTRANSPORT INDUSTRYTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURESTRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT POLICYTRANSPORT QUALITYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTSURBAN ROADURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN WATERURBAN WATER SUPPLYVEHICLESWASTEWATERWASTEWATER SECTORWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER DEMANDWATER RESOURCEWATER RESOURCESWATER SECTORWATER SECTOR REFORMWATER SERVICEWATER SERVICESWATER SOURCEWATER SOURCESWATER STANDPOSTSWATER STORAGEWATER SUPPLYWATER SYSTEMSWATER TABLEWATER TARIFFSWATER USEWATER UTILITIESWELLSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5887