World Bank Group2014-12-172014-12-172014-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20752Digital identity, or electronic identity (eID), offers developing nations a unique opportunity to accelerate the pace of their national progress. It changes the way services are delivered, helps grow a country's digital economy, and supports effective safety nets for disadvantaged and impoverished populations. Though digital identity is an opportunity, it raises important considerations with respect to privacy, cost, capacity, and long-term viability. This report provides a strategic view of the role of identification in a country's national development, as well as a tactical view of the building blocks and policy choices needed for setting up eID in a developing country. The report presents a conceptual overview of digital identity management practices, providing a set of guidelines at a national level that policymakers can find helpful as they begin to think about modernizing the identity infrastructure of their country into eID. The report also provides an operating knowledge of the terminology and concepts used in identity management and an exposition of the functional blocks that must be in place. Policy considerations are referenced at the end of the report that governments can use as they contemplate a digital identity program. Given its abridged nature, the report is intended to be insightful and detailed, though not exhaustive. Several important topics related to eID are noted though deserve further discussion, including: economic and financial analysis, the development and setup of a national civil register, and cross-border aspects of eID. The building blocks, as discussed, can help ensure that a secure, robust and reliable digital identity platform can serve the development needs of a country for the foreseeable future.L’identité numérique, ou identité électronique, offre aux nations en développement une occasion unique d’accélérer le rythme des progrès nationaux. Elle favorise l’évolution des modalités de prestation de services, la croissance de l’économie numérique et l’élaboration de systèmes de protection sociale efficaces au profit des personnes démunies et défavorisées. L’identité électronique est une plateforme qui transcende les secteurs économiques et sociaux et contribue à améliorer le climat politique du pays. Certains y voient «  une nouvelle donne  » ou un «  pourfendeur de pauvreté ». L’identité officielle permet d’assurer la sécurité publique, l’application de la règle de droit, la sécurité nationale et la protection aux frontières. Associée à la téléphonie mobile et à l’Internet, l’identification des personnes favorise la prestation de services par voie électronique, ce qui décuple l’efficacité des pouvoirs publics et contribue à la création de nouveaux produits et services en ligne. Avec aujourd’hui 6,5  milliards d’utilisateurs de portables dans le monde , les téléphones mobiles et l’Internet s’imposent comme les premiers moyens d’offre de services. En 2013, 67,4 % des habitants d’Afrique subsaharienne étaient abonnés à la téléphonie mobile, soit 614  millions d’abonnements. À l’heure actuelle, 8,5  % des Africains utilisent des dispositifs mobiles « intelligents » de type smartphone ou tablette, soit 77 millions d’utilisateurs au total. Malgré les ouvertures qu’elle favorise, l’identité numérique pose aussi d’importantes questions concernant la protection de la vie privée, les coûts, les capacités et la viabilité à long terme. Ce rapport donne une vision stratégique du rôle de l’identification des personnes au regard du développement national, ainsi qu’une perspective tactique des fondements et des choix politiques nécessaires pour mettre en place un système d’identification numérique dans un pays en développement.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS CONTROLADVANCED TECHNOLOGYALGORITHMSATTRIBUTESAUTHENTICATIONAUTHENTICATION SERVICEAUTHENTICATION SERVICESBACK-OFFICEBACKENDBANK ACCOUNTBANK ACCOUNTSBANK CARDSBASICBIOMETRIC DATABIOMETRIC IDENTIFICATIONBIOMETRIC IDENTIFIERSBIOMETRIC INFORMATIONBIOMETRIC SYSTEMBIOMETRIC SYSTEMSBIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIESBIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGYBIOMETRICSBIRTH CERTIFICATESBUSINESS FUNCTIONSBUSINESS MODELBUSINESS REGISTRATIONCAPABILITIESCERTIFICATECERTIFICATE AUTHORITYCERTIFICATESCODESCODINGCOMMERCECOMMODITYCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURECOMPONENTSCOMPUTERSCOMPUTINGCONNECTIVITYCOST STRUCTURECOST-BENEFITCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCREDITWORTHINESSDATA PROTECTIONDATA SECURITYDIGITALDIGITAL ASSETSDIGITAL CERTIFICATEDIGITAL CERTIFICATESDIGITAL DATADIGITAL ECONOMYDIGITAL IDDIGITAL IDENTITYDIGITAL INFORMATIONDIGITAL SIGNATUREDISASTER RECOVERYDISTRIBUTED DATABASESDISTRIBUTION NETWORKDOMAINE-COMMERCEE-COMMERCE APPLICATIONSE-GOVERNMENTELECTRONIC CAPTUREELECTRONIC CASHELECTRONIC COMMERCEELECTRONIC DATAELECTRONIC DATABASESELECTRONIC FORMELECTRONIC IDENTITYELECTRONIC PAYMENTELECTRONIC REGISTRYELECTRONIC SERVICESELECTRONIC SIGNATUREELECTRONIC STORAGEELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONSENABLING ENVIRONMENTENCRYPTIONENCRYPTION KEYENCRYPTION KEYSEQUIPMENTESERVICESFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL SERVICEFINANCIAL SERVICESFINGERPRINTFINGERPRINTSFRAUDFRAUD PREVENTIONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONSGOVERNMENT POLICYGOVERNMENT SERVICESHIGH-SPEEDHOSTHUMAN CAPACITYHUMAN RESOURCESICTIDID CARDID CARDSID NUMBERID NUMBERSIDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENTIDENTIFICATION NUMBERIDENTIFICATION SYSTEMIDENTIFICATION SYSTEMSIDENTITY AUTHENTICATIONIDENTITY CARDIDENTITY CARDSIDENTITY MANAGEMENTIDENTITY MODULEIDSIMAGEIMAGESIMPLEMENTING AGENCYINFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFRAREDINNOVATIONINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINSURANCEINTENDED RECIPIENTINTERFACESINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINTEROPERABILITYIPIRIS SCANSLAW ENFORCEMENTLEGAL ENVIRONMENTLEGAL PROTECTIONSLICENSELICENSESLOSS OF DATAMARKETINGMASS MARKETMEDIAMETADATAMOBILE APPLICATIONSMOBILE COMMERCEMOBILE COMMUNICATIONMOBILE DEVICEMOBILE DEVICESMOBILE PHONEMOBILE PHONE USERSMOBILE PHONESMOBILE TRANSACTIONSMONITORSNETWORKSNEW TECHNOLOGIESONLINE PRODUCTSONLINE SERVICESOPEN STANDARDSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYPASSWORDPAYMENT SYSTEMPERSONAL DATAPERSONAL IDENTIFICATIONPERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBERPERSONALIZATIONPHONE NUMBERPHOTOPHYSICAL SECURITYPOINT-OF-SALE TERMINALSPORTABILITYPORTALSPRIVACYPRIVACY POLICYPRIVATE KEYPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENTPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATIONPRIVATE SECTORSPROJECT MANAGEMENTPROTOCOLPUBLIC KEYPUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSQR CODERECORD KEEPINGREGISTERSREGISTRYREGISTRY SYSTEMREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTRELIABILITYRESULTRETENTIONRISK ASSESSMENTSCANNERSSEARCHSEARCH ENGINESECURE ACCESSSECURE TRANSACTIONSSECURITY FEATURESSENSORSSERVERSERVICE PROVIDERSERVICE PROVIDERSSIGNAL PROCESSINGSMART CARDSMART PHONESMARTCARDSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SERVICESSTAKEHOLDERSSTANDARD FORMATSSTORAGE OF DATASTRONG AUTHENTICATIONSUPERVISIONTARGETSTECHNICAL EXPERTISETECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURETERMINALSTRANSLATIONTRANSMISSIONUNAUTHORIZED ACCESSUNIQUE IDUNIQUE IDENTIFICATIONUNIQUE IDENTITYUSE OF ENCRYPTIONUSERUSER INFORMATIONUSERSUSESVERIFICATIONWIRELESSWORKING HOURS10.1596/20752