World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192009-01-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3093This report " Country Social Analysis (CSA) " focused on ethnicity and development in Vietnam is a provocative analysis of marginality in contemporary Southeast Asia. It seeks to understand the macro social and political processes, and provides an analysis of how social, political, and cultural factors influence the opportunities and constraints to more equitable, inclusive development. This study provides research findings to support both the Bank's and the government of Vietnam's goals of social inclusion for ethnic minorities and poverty reduction. Previous studies, including the Bank's Country Partnership Study for Vietnam (CPS) and the government's Socioeconomic Development Plan (SEDP), focus on four organizing principles: (1) improving the business environment; (2) strengthening social inclusion; (3) strengthening natural resource and environmental management; and (4) improving governance. This study focuses particularly on the issue of strengthening social inclusion. Part one of this summary report is a literature review that discusses background information on ethnic minorities, including their classification, history, current living conditions, and poverty outcomes. Part two presents the results of field-based research and provides in-depth analysis of six fundamental factors that explain how differences between ethnic groups contribute to remarkably different livelihood strategies and economic outcomes. Part three summarizes the policy implications of research findings, suggesting areas for further consideration.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EDUCATIONACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICESACCESS TO MARKETSACCESS TO SERVICESADULT POPULATIONAFFIRMATIVE ACTIONAFFORDABLE CREDITAGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVESAGRICULTURAL POLICIESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL SECTORAIDBANK LOANSBARRIERBARRIERS TO WOMENBASIC NEEDSCAPITAL MARKETCASH CROPCITIZENSCOMMUNITIESCREDIT POLICIESCULTURAL BARRIERSCULTURAL NORMCULTURAL NORMSDEMOCRACYDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONSDISCRIMINATIONDISSEMINATIONDISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONSDROPOUTEARLY MARRIAGEECONOMIC BARRIERSECONOMIC DIFFICULTIESECONOMIC INEQUALITYECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC PROGRESSECONOMIC SUCCESSEDUCATION DISPARITIESEDUCATION LAWEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEMPLOYMENT POLICYEMPOWERMENTENDOWMENTSENROLLMENTEQUAL OPPORTUNITIESETHNIC GROUPETHNIC GROUPSETHNIC MINORITIESETHNIC MINORITYETHNIC MINORITY HOUSEHOLDSEXPENDITURESEXPOSURE TO INFORMATIONEXTREME POVERTYFAMILIESFARMERSFEMALE EDUCATIONFINANCIAL BURDENSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SERVICESFINANCIAL SUPPORTFOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONSFREE ACCESSGENDERGENDER BARRIERSGLOBAL DEVELOPMENTGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONSGOVERNMENT POLICIESGOVERNMENT PROGRAMSGOVERNMENT SUPPORTGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH SERVICESHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHOUSEHOLD WELFAREHUMAN CAPITALILLITERACYILLNESSINCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENTINCLUSIVE SOCIETYINDEBTEDNESSINDIGENOUS PEOPLEINDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDSINEQUALITIESINFORMATION ACCESSINFORMATION SYSTEMINHERITANCEINTERNAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEJOBSLACK OF ACCESSLACK OF KNOWLEDGELAMLAND RIGHTSLAND TENURELANGUAGE BARRIERLANGUAGE BARRIERSLARGE CITIESLEGAL STATUSLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIESLIVING CONDITIONSLIVING STANDARDSLOANLOAN SIZESLOCAL AUTHORITIESMAINSTREAMMARKET ECONOMYMASS MEDIAMIGRANTMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMINISTRY OF LABOURMINORITIESMINORITYMINORITY COMMUNITIESMINORITY GROUPMINORITY GROUPSMINORITY POPULATIONMINORITY POPULATIONSMINORITY WOMENMISUNDERSTANDINGMOVEMENTNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNEW MARKETNUTRITIONAL STATUSOPEN MARKETOWNERSHIP OF LANDPEOPLESPERSISTENT GAPSPHYSICAL ASSETSPHYSICAL CAPITALPOLICY ANALYSISPOLICY FORMULATIONPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLITICAL POWERPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION SIZEPOVERTY ERADICATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOWER RELATIONSPREJUDICEPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIVATE PROPERTYPRIVATIZATIONPUBLIC DISCOURSEQUALITY EDUCATIONQUALITY OF EDUCATIONRATES OF ILLITERACYRATES OF URBANIZATIONREGISTRATION REQUIREMENTSRESEARCH INSTITUTIONSRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL RESIDENTSSAFETYSAFETY NETSCHOOL CURRICULASCHOOLSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSEGMENTS OF SOCIETYSELF-CONFIDENCESELF-ESTEEMSELF-IMAGESOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL CONSEQUENCESSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL FACTORSSOCIAL INCLUSIONSOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PRESSURESOCIAL SCIENCESOCIAL SECTORSSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSTATE POLICIESSTATE UNIVERSITYSTEREOTYPESSTEREOTYPINGSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTEENAGERSTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRANSPORTATIONTVUNIONURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSURBAN POVERTYVICIOUS CYCLEVILLAGEVILLAGESVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE POPULATIONSWARWARSWELFARE SUPPORTWORTHYOUNG CHILDRENWorld Bank10.1596/3093