Arunanondchai, JutamasFink, Carsten2012-06-052012-06-052007-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7165Promoting quality health services to large population segments is a key ingredient to human and economic development. At its core, healthcare policymaking involves complex tradeoffs between promoting equitable and affordable access to a basic set of health services, creating incentives for efficiencies in the healthcare system, and managing constraints in government budgets. International trade in health services influences these tradeoffs. It presents opportunities for cost savings and access to better quality care, but it also raises challenges in promoting equitable and affordable access. Drawing on a research project of the ASEAN Economic Forum, this paper offers a discussion of trade policy in health services for the ASEAN region. It reviews the state of healthcare in the region, existing patterns of trade, and remaining barriers to trade. The paper also identifies policy measures that could further harness the benefits from trade in health services and address potential pitfalls that deeper integration may bring about.CC BY 3.0 IGOANCILLARY SERVICESANTENATAL CAREBUDGETARY RESOURCESCITIZENCITIZENSCLINICSDEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURESDENTISTRYDRUG SUPPLIESDRUGSECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATION SYSTEMSESSENTIAL DRUGSFAMILY MEMBERSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN HOSPITALSFORENSIC MEDICINEGLOBAL HEALTHGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CARE EXPENDITUREHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITYHEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAMHEALTH INSURERSHEALTH MAINTENANCEHEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONHEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONSHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PROFESSIONALSHEALTH RESOURCESHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH WORKFORCEHEALTHCAREHEALTHCARE EXPENDITUREHEALTHCARE PROVIDERSHEALTHCARE SECTORHEALTHCARE SERVICESHEALTHCARE SYSTEMHEALTHCARE WORKERSHOSPITALHOSPITAL BEDSHOSPITAL SERVICESHOSPITALSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIMMUNIZATIONINCOME GROUPSINFECTIOUS DISEASESINPATIENT ADMISSIONINSURANCE SCHEMESINSURANCE SYSTEMINTERNATIONAL TRADELABOR MARKETLACK OF HEALTH INSURANCELARGE POPULATIONLAWSLEVEL OF POVERTYLOCAL POPULATIONLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESMALARIAMEASLESMEDICAL CAREMEDICAL COSTSMEDICAL EDUCATIONMEDICAL EQUIPMENTMEDICAL FACILITIESMEDICAL INSURANCEMEDICAL PERSONNELMEDICAL PRACTITIONERSMEDICAL PROFESSIONALSMEDICAL SCHOOLMEDICAL SCHOOLSMEDICAL SERVICESMEDICAL SPECIALISTSMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIESMEDICAL TREATMENTMEDICAL TREATMENTSMEDICINEMIDDLE EASTMIDWIFESMIGRATIONMINISTRY OF HEALTHMINORITYMOTHERMRINATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL SOVEREIGNTYNATIONALSNEUROSURGERYNURSENURSESNURSINGPATIENTPATIENT INFORMATIONPATIENTSPHARMACIESPHARMACISTSPHYSICIANSPLASTIC SURGERYPOLICY DISCUSSIONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY REGIMEPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOOR PEOPLEPOPULATION ESTIMATESPRACTITIONERSPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCEPRIVATE HEALTH INSURERSPRIVATE HEALTH SERVICESPRIVATE HOSPITALSPRIVATE INSURANCEPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTORSPROGRESSPROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICESPROVISION OF SERVICESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCEPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMESPUBLIC HOSPITALSPUBLIC INSURANCEPUBLIC PROVISIONPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGQUALITY CAREQUALITY IMPROVEMENTQUALITY SERVICESREFERRAL SERVICESRICHER COUNTRIESRURAL AREASSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE QUALITYSHARE OF HEALTH EXPENDITURESKILLED HEALTH PERSONNELSOCIAL INSURANCESURGERYTELEMEDICINETRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGYTRANSPORTATIONTREATMENTSTUBERCULOSISURBAN AREASUSER FEESVACCINESWORKERSWORKFORCEWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWORLD POPULATIONWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4147