Wagner, MathisDel Carpio, Ximena V.2015-09-232015-09-232015-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22659Civil war in Syria has resulted in more than four million refugees fleeing the country, of which 1.8 million have found refuge in Turkey, making it the largest refugee-hosting country worldwide. This paper combines newly available data on the 2014 distribution of Syrian refugees across subregions of Turkey with the Turkish Labour Force Survey, to assess the impact on Turkish labor market conditions. Using a novel instrument, the analysis finds that the refugees, who overwhelmingly do not have work permits, result in the large-scale displacement of informal, low-educated, female Turkish workers, especially in agriculture. While there is net displacement, the inflow of refugees also creates higher-wage formal jobs, allowing for occupational upgrading of Turkish workers. Average Turkish wages have increased primarily as the composition of the employed has changed because of the inflow of refugees.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOWAGE IMPACTJOBSEMPLOYMENTIMMIGRANTEMPLOYMENT RATEBASIC SERVICESUNEMPLOYMENT RATESEMPLOYMENT PATTERNSWORKING-AGE POPULATIONPRELIMINARY EVIDENCESKILLED WORKERSRETIREMENTPREVIOUS SECTIONSCHOOLINGPART-TIME EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONINFLUX OF REFUGEESEMPLOYMENT EFFECTSATTENDANCE RATESEDUCATION REFORMSLABOR FORCENUMBER OF REFUGEESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESHIGH SCHOOLHEALTH CAREIMMIGRANTSWAGE LOSSESHIGHER EDUCATIONJOBFEMALE EMPLOYMENTAGE CATEGORIESPOLICY DISCUSSIONSDISPLACEMENT EFFECTEMPLOYMENT RATESLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKET IMPACTNATIONAL LEVELNUMBER OF PEOPLEEMPLOYMENT TRENDSINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTEKNOWLEDGENATIVE WORKERSLABOR MARKETRIGHT TO WORKFORCED MIGRATIONREGULAR JOBSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTDISPLACEMENTWORKERHOST COUNTRIESWORLD CONFERENCESECONDARY SCHOOLUNEMPLOYEDMIGRATIONECONOMIC CHANGESEMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIESTEMPORARY PROTECTIONFORMAL LABOR MARKETEMPLOYMENT COMPOSITIONSOCIAL SECURITYCULTURAL CHANGESCHOOL COMPLETIONLABORPRIMARY SCHOOLMIGRANTSWAGE INCREASEMORTALITYREGULAR WORKERSRESPECTPROGRESSWAGE GAINSUNEMPLOYMENTREGULAR” EMPLOYMENTAVERAGE WAGESHUMAN CAPITALFOOD SECURITYWORKERSLABOR MARKET CONDITIONSLOCAL LABOR MARKETSPRESENT EVIDENCEVALUESSCHOOL ATTENDANCESUBSTITUTION EFFECTSEDUCATION REFORMPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERAVERAGE WAGEAGE GROUPSFLOWS OF PEOPLEEMPLOYMENT STATUSREFUGEELABOR MARKET OUTCOMESJOB CREATIONSCHOOL CHILDRENREFUGEESEARNINGPOPULATIONSLABOR MARKET INDICATORSJOB OFFERSREGULAR EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT EFFECTHIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEESPOLICYMANAGEMENTREFUGEE CAMPSPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT IMPACTECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESPOPULATION MOVEMENTSUNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEESLABOUR FORCEEDUCATIONWARSSUBSTITUTION EFFECTWARHOST COUNTRYEMPLOYMENT PROBABILITYHUMAN RESOURCESDISPLACEMENT EFFECTSEMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPIMMIGRATIONINTERNAL MIGRATIONEMPLOYEEECONOMIC TRENDSYOUNG PEOPLEPOPULATIONLABOR SUPPLYWAGE EFFECTSINFORMAL EMPLOYMENTLOCAL LABOR MARKETPOLICY RESEARCHCIVIL WARPRIMARY EDUCATIONWOMENLABOURLABOR MARKETSHEALTH CONSEQUENCESSCHOOLREFUGEE POPULATIONDEVELOPMENT POLICYEMPLOYEESWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-7402