Hoekman, BernardOzden, Caglar2012-03-192012-03-192009-09-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4241This paper discusses options to facilitate movement of workers between high-income and developing countries within the framework of trade agreements, focusing on the European Union s partnership agreements with neighboring countries. Existing frameworks for cooperation offer the possibility of expanding temporary rather than longer-term or permanent movement of workers since extant trade agreements provide scope for negotiating specific market access commitments for services, including those delivered through the cross-border movement of natural persons. Even though the potential for such "embodied" trade in services will not be anywhere near what would be associated with substantial liberalization of migration regimes, furthering the services trade dimension in the European Union s ¬trade agreements offers significant potential Pareto gains. For the partner countries these gains from temporary movement of service providers are both direct - through greater employment in/revenue from providing services in the European Union - and indirect - by helping to increase and sustain higher growth at home.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGADULT EDUCATIONADVERSE SELECTIONAGE GROUPARCHITECTUREAUDITORSBASIC RIGHTSBENEFITS OF MIGRATIONBRAIN DRAINCENSUSESCITIZENSCITIZENSHIPCLERKSCOMMUNITIESCONTRACT ENFORCEMENTCURRENT POPULATIONDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGESDEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURESDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDISCRIMINATIONDISMISSALECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC NEEDSECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC TRANSITIONEDUCATED MIGRANTSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELDERLYEMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATESENTRY COSTSEXTENDED FAMILIESFERTILITYFERTILITY RATESFOREIGN LABORFOREIGN WORKERSFREE TRADEFUTURE LABORHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE SERVICESHEALTH INSURANCEHOME COUNTRIESHOST COUNTRYHUMAN CAPITALILLEGAL ENTRYILLEGAL IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRANTSIMMIGRATIONINCOMEINNOVATIONINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRANTSINTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTIGATIONJOBSLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET NEEDSLABOR MARKET VARIABLESLABOR MARKETSLABOR MIGRATIONLABOR MOBILITYLABOR MOVEMENTLABOR SHORTAGELABOR SHORTAGESLABOURLABOUR MOVEMENTLABOUR STUDIESLAWSLEGISLATORSMEDICAL SERVICESMIDWIFEMIGRANTMIGRANT WORKERSMIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIESMIGRATIONMIGRATION FLOWSMIGRATION POLICIESMIGRATION POLICYMINIMUM WAGEMOVEMENT OF PEOPLEMULTINATIONALNATIONAL POLICIESNATIONALSNATIVE POPULATIONNATIVESNEIGHBORHOODNEWS AGENCYNUMBER OF MIGRANTSOCCUPATIONSOLDER PEOPLEPENSION PLANSPOLICY MAKERSPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOLITICAL REALITIESPOPULATION DISTRIBUTIONPOPULATION GROWTHPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRODUCTIVITYPROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCEPROGRESSPUBLIC OPINIONREMITTANCEREMITTANCESREPATRIATIONRESPECTRETIREMENTRETURNEESRISING DEMANDSERVICE PROVIDERSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE PROVISIONSERVICE SECTORSSKILL LEVELSKILLED PERSONSSOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL SECURITYSUPPLIERSTEMPORARY MIGRATIONTEMPORARY WORKERTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTREATYUNDOCUMENTED MIGRATIONURBAN PLANNINGVICTIMSWORKERWORKING CONDITIONSWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG ADULTSYOUNG WORKERSYOUNGER WORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5049