World Bank2013-08-192013-08-192000-05-22https://hdl.handle.net/10986/15186Malaysia achieved unprecedented economic growth and dramatic poverty reduction in the two decades prior to 1997. As a result, pressure on public expenditures was alleviated and when the regional financial crisis hit in 1997, the budget was in surplus and public debt had fallen to around 30 percent in GDP. But the crisis brought to the fore issues in public expenditure management that might have remained of less significance in a fast-growing economy: large and increasing off-budget liabilities that could undermine fiscal prudence, accountability, and efficiency in the use of public resources. The government is rethinking its role in tertiary education, tertiary health care, social protection against income risk, and infrastructure. In these areas, there is a potential role for the private sector in provision and financing, and the government's role is gradually shifting from being a provider of these services to a financial supporter and a regulator. In this evolving public-private partnership, the goal of the government is to reduce the fiscal burden while ensuring equity in delivering public services and efficiency in allocating and using public resources. This public expenditure analysis aims to analyze fiscal issues arising from the crisis, gauge the government's public expenditure management system, and assess performance and future challenges in education, health, poverty reduction, and infrastructure.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING STANDARDSAGGREGATE DEMANDAGGREGATE SPENDINGAGINGAGING POPULATIONSAUTHORITYBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBASIC EDUCATIONBUDGET DEFICITBUDGET EXPENDITURESBUDGET LIABILITIESBUDGET PROCESSBUDGETARY EXPENDITURESCAPITAL FORMATIONCASH FLOWSCENTRAL AGENCIESCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCHRONIC ILLNESSESCOST MINIMIZATIONCURRENCY UNITDEBT FINANCINGDECISION MAKINGDECISION-MAKINGDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC COOPERATIONECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC MANAGEMENTECONOMIC RECOVERYEDUCATIONEMPLOYMENTENTITLEMENTSEXCHANGE RATEEXTERNAL SHOCKSFEDERAL GOVERNMENTFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL SECTORFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL VIABILITYFISCALFISCAL BALANCEFISCAL BURDENFISCAL DEFICITFISCAL DISCIPLINEFISCAL MANAGEMENTFISCAL POLICYFISCAL STANCEFISCAL SURPLUSFISCAL SUSTAINABILITYFISCAL TRANSPARENCYFOREIGN DEBTGNPGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGOVERNMENT PROGRAMSGOVERNMENT SPENDINGGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONGROWTH RATEHEALTHHEALTH CAREHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH SERVICESHOSPITALSHOUSINGHUMAN CAPITALINCOMEINCOME COUNTRIESINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME EFFECTINCOME GENERATIONINCOME HOUSEHOLDSINCOME TAXESINFLATIONINNOVATIONINSURANCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET POLICIESLACK OF TRANSPARENCYLOAN GUARANTEESMACROECONOMIC POLICIESMANAGERSMORTALITYNATIONAL POVERTYNATIONAL POVERTY LINENEEDS ASSESSMENTPARTNERSHIPPENSION SYSTEMPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY MEASURESPOLICY REVIEWPOLICY STATEMENTPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENTPRODUCTIVITYPROVISIONSPUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITYPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE ANALYSISPUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENTPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURESPUBLIC INSTITUTIONSPUBLIC INTERVENTIONSPUBLIC MANAGEMENTPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SECTOR FINANCEPUBLIC SERVICEPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGREGIONAL DISPARITIESREGULATORY SYSTEMRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE USEREVENUE SOURCESRISK MANAGEMENTROADSRURAL AREASRURAL POORSAFETYSAFETY NETSAVINGSSOCIAL INDICATORSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SECTORSOCIAL SECTORSSTRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENTSUSTAINABILITY ANALYSISTASK TEAM LEADERTAXTAX CUTSTAX RATETAX REVENUESTERTIARY EDUCATIONTRADEOFFSTRANSPARENCYTREASURYUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN AREASURBAN POORUTILITIESVULNERABLE GROUPSWAGESWORKERS PUBLIC EXPENDITURESECONOMIC CRISISFINANCIAL CRISESGOVERNMENT ROLEPUBLIC EXPENDITURES FOR HEALTHPUBLIC EXPENDITURES FOR EDUCATIONINFRASTRUCTUREFISCAL SURPLUSFISCAL DEFICITSCONTINGENT LIABILITYRISK MANAGEMENTSOCIAL IMPACTMITIGATION MEASURESBUDGET PROCESSGOVERNANCECABINET POLICYPERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PLANSVATTAX BASESPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATIONREGIONAL DISPARITYHIGHER EDUCATIONSAFETY NET ACTIVITIESTOLL ROADS & HIGHWAYSINFRASTRUCTURE PRIVATIZATIONURBAN TRANSPORTSANITATIONPOWER SECTORWorld Bank10.1596/15186