van Kooten, G. CornelisTimilsina, Govinda R.2012-03-192012-03-192009-03-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/4063This study reviews the prospects of wind power at the global level. Existing studies indicate that the earth's wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1 percent of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40 percent annual growth in wind generating capacity over the past 25 years. More than 98 percent of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. It has been estimated that wind power could supply 7 to 34 percent of global electricity needs by 2050. However, wind power faces a large number of technical, economic, financial, institutional, market, and other barriers. To overcome these barriers, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital subsidies, tax incentives, tradable energy certificates, feed-in tariffs, grid access guarantees and mandatory standards. Besides these policies, climate change mitigation initiatives resulting from the Kyoto Protocol (e.g., CO2-emission reduction targets in developed countries and the Clean Development Mechanism in developing countries) have played a significant role in promoting wind power.CC BY 3.0 IGOAIR POLLUTIONAPPROACHAVAILABILITYBALANCEBIOGASBIOMASSBIOMASS ENERGYCAPACITY FACTORSCARBONCARBON CAPTURECARBON CREDITSCARBON TAXCEMENTCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONCLEAN DEVELOPMENTCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN ENERGYCLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE INITIATIVESCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONCLIMATE EXCHANGECOALCOAL MINECOASTAL AREASCONVENTIONAL GENERATIONCOST OF ELECTRICITYCOST OF ENERGYCOST OF WIND POWERCOSTS OF ELECTRICITYCOSTS OF EXTERNALITIESCYCLE GASCYCLE GAS PLANTSDIESELDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITYDOMESTIC ENERGYELECTRIC GRIDELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER GENERATIONELECTRICAL GENERATIONELECTRICAL GRIDELECTRICAL GRIDSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CAPACITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY DEMANDELECTRICITY FROM WINDELECTRICITY GENERATIONELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIESELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SECTORELECTRICITY SUPPLYELECTRICITY SYSTEMEMISSIONEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION UNITSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMPLOYMENTENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY OUTLOOKENERGY POLICIESENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY PRODUCTION TAX CREDITENERGY RESOURCESENERGY SECURITYENERGY SOURCESENERGY SUPPLYENERGY SYSTEMSENERGY USEENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIESETHANOLFEATHERINGFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL PRICESFOSSIL FUELSFUELFUEL CELLFUEL COSTSFUEL PRICEFUEL PRICESFUEL SWITCHINGGAS PLANTSGAS TURBINEGASIFICATIONGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGLOBAL ENERGY DEMANDGLOBAL ENERGY SUPPLYGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITYGLOBAL WIND GENERATING CAPACITYGREEN ENERGYGRID CHARACTERISTICSGRID CONNECTIONGRID ELECTRICITYGRID ELECTRIFICATIONGRID EXTENSIONGRID INTERCONNECTIONGRID WIND POWERHEATHYDRO SOURCESHYDROGENHYDROPOWERINCOMEINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYLAND USELANDFILLLANDFILL GASMEAN WIND SPEEDMETEOROLOGICAL DATAMETHANENATIONAL GRIDNUCLEAR ENERGYNUCLEAR POWERNUCLEAR POWER PLANTSOFFSHORE WINDOFFSHORE WIND CAPACITYOFFSHORE WIND FARMSPIPELINEPOWER AVAILABILITYPOWER FROM WINDPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER GENERATORSPOWER PRODUCERSPOWER PROJECTPOWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTSPOWER SYSTEMPRICE VOLATILITYPRICES OF FUELSPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTIONPRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLYPRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITYPUBLIC UTILITIESREAL EMISSIONSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRYRENEWABLE ENERGY POLICYRENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTIONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCERENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGYRENEWABLE GENERATIONRENEWABLE SOURCESRENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGYRESERVOIRSRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONSMALL POWER PRODUCERSSOLAR ENERGYSOLAR THERMALSOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMSSPACE HEATINGTAX CREDITTAX CREDITSTAX INCENTIVESTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTOTAL ENERGYTRANSMISSION GRIDTRANSMISSION LINESTRANSMISSION SYSTEMTURBINE COMPONENTSTURBINESUTILITY-SCALEUTILITY-SCALE WIND POWERVOLTAGEVOLUNTARY AGREEMENTSWASTEWEATHER PATTERNSWINDWIND CAPACITYWIND DATAWIND DEVELOPMENTWIND ENERGYWIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENTWIND ENERGY PROJECTSWIND FARMWIND GENERATING CAPACITYWIND GENERATIONWIND GENERATORSWIND INDUSTRYWIND PENETRATIONWIND POTENTIALWIND POWERWIND POWER CAPACITYWIND POWER DEVELOPMENTWIND POWER GENERATIONWIND POWER GENERATORSWIND POWER PLANTSWIND POWER POTENTIALWIND POWER PRODUCTIONWIND POWER PROJECTWIND POWER RESOURCESWIND PRODUCERSWIND PROJECTSWIND RESOURCEWIND RESOURCESWIND SITESWIND SPEEDWIND SPEEDSWIND TECHNOLOGYWIND TURBINEWIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGYWIND TURBINESWIND VARIABILITYWINDMILLSWINDSWORLD ENERGYWORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTIONWORLD ENERGY OUTLOOKWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4868