Crowley, Meredith ABown, Chad P.2016-04-262016-04-262016-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/24161This paper surveys empirically the broad features of trade policy in goods for 31 major economies that collectively represented 83 percent of the world's population and 91 percent of the world's GDP in 2013. It addresses the following five questions: Do some countries have more liberal trading regimes than others? Within countries, which industries receive the most import protection? How do trade policies change over time? Do countries discriminate among their trading partners when setting trade policy? Finally, how liberalized is world trade? The analysis documents the extent of cross-sectional heterogeneity in applied commercial policy across countries, their economic sectors, and their trading partners, over time. It concludes that substantial trade policy barriers remain as an important feature of the world economy.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOANTIDUMPING DUTYEXPORT MARKETSSUBSIDY PROGRAMSFREE TRADE AGREEMENTWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONAD VALOREMGEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONSREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTSDISPUTE SETTLEMENTAPPELLATE BODY REPORTSTRADE RULESEXPORT LICENSESFOREIGN PRODUCERSIMPORTING COUNTRIESTRADE BARRIERSPOLITICAL REASONSCOUNTERVAILING DUTIESINTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEMINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSBALANCE OF PAYMENTSDISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURESNATIONAL TREATMENTDOMESTIC MARKETTRADE FLOWSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSFREE TRADE AGREEMENTSTRADE NEGOTIATORSIMPORTED PRODUCTSPANEL REPORTSIMPOSING COUNTERVAILING DUTIESEXTERNAL TRADEMARKET ACCESSFREE TRADEINTERNATIONAL BANKEXPORT SUBSIDIESDISCRIMINATORY MANNERIMPORTED GOODSTRADE AGREEMENTSTRADE BARRIERPRODUCTION PROCESSIMPORT LICENSESEXPORTING COUNTRYPUBLIC POLICYPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTSDOMESTIC LAWSCOUNTERVAILING DUTY INVESTIGATIONGLOBAL ECONOMYMULTILATERAL SYSTEMTRADE RESTRICTIONSDOMESTIC SUBSIDIESTRADE INTEGRATIONAGRICULTURAL MARKETSREGIONAL AIRCRAFTDOMESTIC PRODUCERSREGIONAL TRADECASE LAWCUSTOMSIMPORT POLICYCONTRACTING PARTIESTAX EXEMPTIONSINTERNATIONAL TRADE LAWEXPORT RESTRAINTSIMPORT RESTRICTIONSAGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIESCOUNTERVAILING MEASURESTRADE POLICYQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONSCUSTOMS VALUATIONREDUCTION COMMITMENTSAGREEMENT ON TEXTILESEXPORT MARKETTRADE POLICIESANTIDUMPING LAWSTRADE PREFERENCECURRENCY VALUESAGREEMENT ON AGRICULTUREANTIDUMPING MEASURESPRICE UNDERTAKINGMULTILATERAL AGREEMENTSCOMPLAINING COUNTRYTRADE LAWINTERNAL MARKETTREATY OBLIGATIONSAGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDSINTERNATIONAL TRADEEXPORTING COUNTRIESCOMPETITION POLICYFINANCIAL CRISISPOLITICAL SYSTEMSFOREIGN COUNTRIESPREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTSEUROPEAN UNIONFOREIGN INVESTMENTEXPORT PRODUCTSDEVELOPING WORLDSAFEGUARD MEASURESIMPORT COMPETITIONPRODUCTION STANDARDSAGRICULTURAL SECTORANTIDUMPING CODEFOREIGN EXPORTERSMANAGED TRADEFOREIGN EXCHANGETRADE LIBERALIZATIONCOLLECTIVE BARGAININGTRADE AGENDAWORLD TRADING SYSTEMPREFERENTIAL TREATMENTCOMMON PROPERTYGLOBAL TRADINGTRADE DIVERSIONSYSTEM OF PREFERENCESLABOR STANDARDSTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTAPPELLATE BODY REPORTINTERNATIONAL RULESIMPORTING COUNTRYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSTRADEDOMESTIC PRICESTRADING SYSTEMMARKET SHARELEGAL SYSTEMAPPELLATE BODYRECOURSEDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONCUSTOMS UNIONSPREFERENTIAL TRADEIMPORT PROHIBITIONBOVINE MEATIMPORT POLICIESLEGAL REQUIREMENTSDISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYPOLICY RESEARCHAGREEMENT ON IMPORT LICENSING PROCEDURESPOLICY TOOLEXCHANGE RATEACCORDTECHNICAL BARRIERSTRADE REGIMEINTERNATIONAL MARKETSWORLD MARKETDOMESTIC INDUSTRYDISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESSNATIONAL TRADE POLICYCOMMITTEE ON ANTI-DUMPING PRACTICESWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-7620