Dethier, Jean-JacquesEffenberger, Alexandra2012-03-192012-03-192011-01-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3323After 20 years of neglect by international donors, agriculture is now again in the headlines because higher food prices are increasing food insecurity and poverty. In the coming years it will be essential to increase food productivity and production in developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and with smallholders. This however requires finding viable solutions to a number of complex technical, institutional and policy issues including land markets, research on seeds and inputs; agricultural extension; credit; rural infrastructure; storage; connection to markets; rural nonfarm employment and food price stabilization. This paper reviews what the economic literature has to say on these topics. It discusses in turn the role played by agriculture in the development process and the interactions between agriculture and other economic sectors; the determinants of the Green Revolution and discuss the foundations of agricultural growth; issues of income diversification by farmers; approaches to rural development; and finally issues of international trade policy and food security which are at the root of the crisis in agricultural commodity volatility in the past few years.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO EMPLOYMENTACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTUREACCESS TO MARKETSACCESS TO TRANSPORTATIONAFRICAN FARMERSAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIESAGRICULTURAL COMMODITYAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENTAGRICULTURAL EXPORTSAGRICULTURAL EXTENSIONAGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICESAGRICULTURAL GOODSAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL MARKETAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRICEAGRICULTURAL PRICESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCERSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL PROGRESSAGRICULTURAL R&DAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHERSAGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMSAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAGRICULTURAL WAGESAGRICULTURAL YIELDSAID TO AGRICULTUREANIMAL TRACTIONANIMALSAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGYBIODIVERSITYBIOSAFETYBIOTECHNOLOGYCAPITAL COSTSCASH TRANSFERSCGIARCGIAR RESEARCHCHRONIC POVERTYCLIMATE CHANGECOMMODITY PRICESCOMMUNITY RESOURCESCREDIT MARKETSCROPCROP AREACROP SHARECROP VARIETIESCROPLANDDEFORESTATIONDIVERSIFICATIONDOMESTIC PRICESDOUBLY GREEN REVOLUTIONDRIVERS OF POVERTY REDUCTIONDROUGHTECONOMIC GROWTHEMPLOYMENT CREATIONEMPLOYMENT GENERATIONEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESENGINE OF GROWTHENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGEEXTENSION AGENTSEXTERNALITIESFAOFARM ACTIVITIESFARM EMPLOYMENTFARM HOUSEHOLDSFARM INCOMEFARM PRODUCTIONFARM PRODUCTIVITYFARM SECTORFARM SIZEFARM WORKFARMERFARMER ASSOCIATIONSFARMER GROUPSFARMER ORGANIZATIONSFARMERSFARMINGFARMING SYSTEMSFERTILIZERSFOOD CROPSFOOD IMPORTSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD MARKETSFOOD POLICYFOOD PRICEFOOD PRICESFOOD PROGRAMSFOOD SECURITYFOOD SUBSIDIESFOOD SUPPLYGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBAL POVERTYGREEN REVOLUTIONHARVESTHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHUMAN CAPITALHYBRID MAIZEIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSIMPACT ON POVERTYIMPACT ON POVERTY REDUCTIONINCOMEINCOME GENERATIONINCOME GROWTHINCOME RISKINCOME SHOCKSINCOMES FROM AGRICULTUREINEQUALITYINNOVATIONINSURANCEINSURANCE MARKETSINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSIRRIGATIONIRRIGATION SYSTEMSLAND ASSETSLAND DEGRADATIONLAND DISTRIBUTIONLAND HOLDINGSLAND PRODUCTIVITYLAND QUALITYLAND REFORMSLAND TENURELANDHOLDINGSLANDSLARGE FARMSMAIZEMARKET FAILURESMEDIUM-SIZE FARMERSMIGRATION FROM AGRICULTURENATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONSNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMSNEW CROP VARIETIESNONFARM INCOMENUTRITIONPARTICIPATION OF BENEFICIARIESPLANT BREEDINGPOLLUTIONPOORPOOR CONSUMERSPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR FARMERSPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR INDIVIDUALSPOOR PEOPLEPOOR POPULATIONSPOPULATION GROWTHPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRICE STABILIZATIONPRIVATE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHPUBLIC SPENDINGRAW MATERIALSREDUCTION OF POVERTYREGIONAL APPROACHESREGIONAL DIFFERENCESREGIONAL INITIATIVESREGIONAL LEVELREGIONALIZATIONREMOTE RURAL AREASRESEARCH ORGANIZATIONSRISK MANAGEMENTRURALRURAL ACTIVITIESRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESRURAL ECONOMYRURAL ENTERPRISESRURAL GROUPSRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INCOMERURAL INFRASTRUCTURERURAL LABORRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POPULATIONSRURAL POVERTYRURAL POVERTY REDUCTIONRURAL ROADSRURAL SECTORRURAL TOWNSSAFETY NETSAVINGSSCHOOLINGSEEDSSHARECROPPINGSHARECROPPING ARRANGEMENTSSMALL FARMERSSMALL FARMSSMALLHOLDER SECTORSOCIAL CAPITALSOIL DEGRADATIONSOIL FERTILITYSTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONSUBSISTENCETARGETINGTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNOLOGY ADOPTIONUNEMPLOYMENTURBAN BIASURBAN POVERTYVILLAGE COMMUNITIESVULNERABILITY TO POVERTYWAGE EMPLOYMENTWARWHEATWORKING CAPITALWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5553