Croitoru, LeliaSarraf, MariaCroitoru, LeliaSarraf, MariaGhariani, FadhelMatoussi, Mohamed SalahDaly-Hassen, HamedJabarin, AmerJorio, AbdeljaouadEl Fadel, MutasemEl-Jisr, KarimIkäheimo, ErkkiGundlach, ErichAl-Duaij, SamiaCervigni, Raffaello2012-03-192012-03-192010-08-01978-0-8213-8318-6https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2499Environmental degradation is costly, to individuals, to societies, and to the environment. This book, edited by Lelia Croitoru and Maria Sarraf, makes these costs clear by examining a number of studies carried out over the past few years by the World Bank's Middle East and North Africa region. Even more important than estimating the monetary cost of environmental degradation (COED), however, are the clear guidance and policy implications derived from these findings. This volume presents a new approach to estimating the impacts of environmental degradation. In the past, when government officials asked researchers the simple question how large are the impacts of environmental degradation? The response was often an emphatic 'large!' a rather imprecise number. The strength of this work is that it actually quantifies in economic terms how large is 'large' and thereby gains the attention of decision makers and offers specific insights for improved policy making. Finally, this book demonstrates the benefits of doing a coordinated, regional COED analysis that builds on the country-level studies. This two-tiered approach produces important synergies, in terms of both the methodologies used and the lessons learned.CC BY 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAQUACULTUREAQUIFERAQUIFERSBARRAGESCANCERCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECHILD MORTALITYCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN WATERCLIMATE CHANGECOASTAL AREASCOASTAL WATERCOASTAL ZONESCONSERVATIONCONTINGENT VALUATIONCONTINGENT VALUATION METHODCOST OF WATERCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSESCOVERINGCRITICAL APPRAISALCROP PRODUCTIONCUBIC METERCUBIC METERSDAMSDEBRISDEFORESTATIONDESALINATIONDISCHARGEDRAINAGEDRINKING WATERDRINKING WATER SUPPLYECOLOGICAL ECONOMICSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC CONSEQUENCESECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC VALUEECOSYSTEMEMISSION STANDARDSEMISSIONSENERGY EFFICIENCYENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGESENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL RISKEXPENDITURESEXPLOITATIONFISHFISHERIESFISHINGFLOODSFORAGE PRODUCTIONFORESTRYFRESHWATERFUEL CONSUMPTIONGASGRAVITYGROUNDWATERGROUNDWATER RESOURCESGROUNDWATER TABLEHEALTH PROBLEMSHYDROGENIMPORTSINDUSTRIAL SECTORINTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENTINVESTMENT PROJECTIRRIGATIONLAND DEGRADATIONLAND RESOURCESMANGROVEMARINE SCIENCESMARINE WATERSMORTALITY RATENATIONAL INCOMENATURAL RESOURCESNITROGENNITROGEN OXIDESNON-USE VALUESOILOPPORTUNITY COSTSOVERGRAZINGPHOSPHATEPOLICY MAKERSPOOR WATER QUALITYPOPULATION GROWTHPOWER GENERATIONPOWER STATIONPRESENT VALUEPRIVATE WELLSPROGRAMSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC WELLSPUMPINGQUALITY STANDARDSQUANTITY OF WATERRANGELANDSRECHARGEREPLACEMENT COSTSRESERVOIR SEDIMENTATIONRESOURCE USERIVERSSALINITYSALTWATER INTRUSIONSANITATIONSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION SERVICESSCIENCESSEASEAWATERSHORELINESOCIAL COSTSSOIL DEGRADATIONSOLID WASTESOURCES OF WATERSTORAGE CAPACITYSUDSURFACE WATERSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE USETIMBERTURBIDITYURBAN AREASUSE VALUEWASTE COLLECTIONWASTE DISPOSALWASTEWATERWASTEWATER TREATMENTWATER DEMANDWATER EXPLOITATIONWATER EXTRACTIONWATER POLLUTIONWATER QUALITYWATER QUANTITYWATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER SAVINGSWATER SCARCITYWATER SECTORWATER SOURCEWATER SUPPLIESWATER SUPPLYWATER TRANSFERWATER USEWATER USERWATERSHEDWELLSWETLANDSWILLINGNESS TO PAYWTPWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8318-6