Cuttaree, VickramMandri-Perrott, Cledan2012-03-192012-03-192011-02-24978-0-8213-8703-0https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2274This study aims to help governments design sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) strategies and projects in the context of the changed circumstances brought on by the global financial and economic crisis that began in the fall of 2008. The study analyses the impact and implication of the crisis on PPP infrastructure projects across the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. In the research undertaken for this study, it appears that most crisis-specific issues are cross-sectoral, therefore requiring cross-sectoral responses. The intended audience for this report includes national government stakeholders involved in infrastructure financing, including Ministries in charge of infrastructure, especially transport, energy, and water; state-owned enterprises with operational responsibilities, such as road directorates; and Ministries of Finance and development banks involved in PPP. This report reviewed the region's experience in PPPs in infrastructure before and during the financial crisis period (from late 2006 to 2010). Since not all ECA countries have had successful or ongoing PPP projects during this time, the report draws on lessons from Brazil, India, Spain, and the United Kingdom, countries with established PPP project pipelines to draw on cross-sectoral lessons. The findings can be used by countries wishing to start or re-start their PPP program following the impact of the recent crisis. However, beyond the crisis and its effects, the report can also guide future development of sustainable and crisis-resilient PPP programs. Most of the analysis supporting the report recommendations was undertaken for the highway sector and was financed through from a grant from the transport research support program. Initially, the highway sector was the focus of this study but the scope was later widened to include all infrastructure sectors because most issues facing highway PPP projects are common to other sectors requiring a cross-sectoral approach to PPP. Sector-specific strategies for highways have been documented in a recent World Bank study.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGADBAIRPORTAIRPORT EXPANSIONAIRPORTSBALANCE SHEETBALANCE SHEETSBALANCE­SHEETBASIS POINTBASIS POINTSBIDBIDSBOND INDEXBOND ISSUEBOND MARKETBONDSBRIDGEBUDGET DEFICITBUDGETINGCAPACITY CONSTRAINTSCAPITAL GRANTCAPITAL GRANTSCAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENT PROGRAMCAPITAL MARKETCAPITAL PROJECTSCAPITAL REQUIREMENTSCASH FLOWCHECKSCOMMERCIAL BANKSCONTINGENT LIABILITIESCONTRACT DESIGNCOUNTRY RISKCREDIBILITYCREDIT MARKETCREDIT RATINGCREDIT RATINGSCURRENCYCURRENCY DEPRECIATIONCURRENCY DEVALUATIONDEBTDEBT EXCHANGEDEBT RATIOSDEBT SERVICEDEBT SERVICINGDEFAULT RISKDEFICITSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT BANKDRIVERSDRIVINGEIBEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET BONDEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATESEXPENDITUREEXPORTERSFINANCE INFRASTRUCTUREFINANCESFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITYFISCAL CONSTRAINTSFISCAL DEFICITFISCAL DEFICITSFOREIGN CURRENCIESFOREIGN CURRENCYFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVESFOREIGN EXCHANGE RISKGOVERNMENT BONDGOVERNMENT BOND YIELDSGOVERNMENT BORROWINGGOVERNMENT BUDGETGOVERNMENT CAPACITYGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESGOVERNMENT FINANCESGOVERNMENT FINANCINGGOVERNMENT FUNDINGGOVERNMENT GUARANTEESGOVERNMENT REVENUEGOVERNMENT SPENDINGGOVERNMENT SUPPORTGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHIGH-SPEED RAILHIGHWAYHIGHWAY MAINTENANCEHIGHWAY PROGRAMHIGHWAY PROJECTHIGHWAY PROJECTSHIGHWAY REHABILITATIONHIGHWAYSINFRASTRUCTURE COSTSINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCEINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGINFRASTRUCTURE FUNDINGINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSTRUMENTINSURANCEINTEREST RATEINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL AIRPORTINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETSINVESTINGINVESTMENT BANKINVESTMENT DECISIONSINVESTMENT FUNDSINVESTMENT REQUIREMENTSINVESTMENT SPENDINGINVESTMENT STRATEGYINVESTOR CONFIDENCEJUDICIAL ENFORCEMENTLANESLAWSLEGAL ENVIRONMENTLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGISLATIONLENDERSLIGHT RAILLIQUIDITYLOANLOCAL BANKSLOCAL CURRENCIESLOCAL CURRENCYLOCAL DEBTLOCAL DEBT MARKETLOCAL GOVERNMENTLONG-TERM CAPITALLONG-TERM DEBTLONG-TERM INVESTMENTLONG-TERM INVESTORSLONG-TERM LOANSMARKET BORROWINGMARKET CONDITIONSMARKET LIQUIDITYMARKET RISKMARKET RISKSMATURITIESMATURITYMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMONETARY FUNDMOTORWAYSNATIONAL HIGHWAYSOIL PRICESPASSENGERSPOTENTIAL INVESTMENTPRESENT VALUEPRIVATE CAPITALPRIVATE FINANCINGPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE INVESTORPRIVATE INVESTORSPRIVATE LOANSPRIVATIZATIONPRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTSPSPPUBLIC BANKSPUBLIC BORROWINGPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC FUNDSPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC INVESTMENTSPUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENTPUBLIC SPENDINGRAIL LINKSRAIL PROJECTSRAILWAYRAILWAYSRATES OF INFLATIONREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSREGULATORY OVERSIGHTRETURNRISK MANAGEMENTRISK PREMIUMSROADROAD PROJECTSROAD SECTORROAD TUNNELROADSSAFETYSAFETY NETSSANITATIONSHARE OF INVESTMENTSHARES OF INVESTMENTSHORT-TERM BORROWINGSHORT-TERM DEBTSOVEREIGN BONDSSOVEREIGN DEBTSOVEREIGN ENTITIESSOVEREIGN GUARANTEESTATE GUARANTEESSUBSIDIARYTAXTAX SYSTEMSTOLLTOLL ROADTOLLSTRAFFICTRAFFIC DEMANDTRANSACTIONTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT INVESTMENTTRANSPORT INVESTMENTSTRANSPORT PROJECTSTRANSPORT RESEARCHTRANSPORT SECTORTREASURYTREASURY BONDSTREATYTRUST FUNDTUNNELUNDERGROUNDURBAN TRANSPORTVEHICLEVEHICLESWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8703-0