Rose, JonathanLane, Tracey M.Rahman, Tashmina2015-03-312015-03-312014-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/21661The purpose of this systematic review is to inform the World Bank, development partners and other stakeholders on the state of governance in the health sector of Bangladesh. With billions2 of Bangladeshi Taka invested in the government-run health sector every year, financed by domestic and international sources, there have been numerous efforts to better understand the governance challenges in the sector. This report reviews sixty such reports and studies written by NGOs, academics, government entities, research institutions, consultants and development partners, in the last fourteen years. However, translating that research into policy dialogue and improvement has been challenged due to poor knowledge management, a lack of a systematic approach to research (building on earlier studies findings), and limited efforts to place the work in the public domain and discourse. This paper takes a systematic approach to the literature review, bringing the key findings together and evaluating the weight of evidence on the governance problems in the sector, as well as the gaps that should be addressed by future research efforts. This review furthermore emphasizes the need to understand the factors, and political economy factors in particular, that explain the current state of affairs. The review is structured to systematically assess this literature, leading to several broad conclusions. First, it identifies the structure and method of the review and outlines the categorization of the governance issues reviewed, and provides a background to the health sector. It then methodically summarizes the relevant literature for each governance issue, highlighting the lessons and identifying the gaps and weaknesses. The review ends by highlighting these gaps in research, with a view to improve its scope and impact.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOabsenteeismAccountabilityadministrative mattersannual budgetantenatal careAnti-CorruptionArticleassessment of performanceaudit systemsAuditor GeneralauthoritybedsBirth Attendantbirth attendantsBribesbudget aggregatesbudget allocationbudget allocationsbudget DevelopmentBudget discussionsbudget documentsbudget estimatesBudget Executionbudget expenditureBudget FrameworkBudget Managementbudget preparationbudget preparation processbudget processbudget proposalsbudget resourcesbudget strategybudget submissionsbudgetary decisionscapacity buildingcapacity constraintscivil servantscivil societyclinicsCommunicable Disease ControlCommunity Healthcompetitive biddingconstitutioncorrupt practicescorruptionCorruption Perceptionsdata on performancedeathsdecision-makingdecision-making powerdecision-making processesdiagnostic centersdistrictsdoctorsdonor fundseducational institutionsEnvironmental Healthexecutive departmentsexpenditure prioritiesexpenditure reformexpendituresFamily PlanningFire ProtectionFiscal Frameworkgovernance challengesgovernance dimensionsgovernance environmentGovernance Indicatorsgovernance issuesgovernance outcomesgovernance problemsgovernance researchGovernment EffectivenessGovernment Entitiesgovernment ownershipgovernment prioritiesgovernment systemshealth carehealth care professionalshealth care providershealth care serviceshealth centershealth conditionsHealth EducationHealth ExpenditureHealth Facilitieshealth indicatorsHealth InformationHealth Information SystemHealth Policyhealth programshealth providersHealth Sectorhealth servicehealth service deliveryHealth ServicesHealth Services Researchhealth spendinghealth strategyHealth WorkersHealth Workforcehospital managementhospitalsHRHuman DevelopmentHuman ResourceHuman Resource ManagementHuman Resourcesimproving governanceinfant mortalityinfant mortality rateInformal PaymentsInpatient Careinstitutional arrangementintegrationintermediariesInternational Developmentlawslegal actionlegal structurelegal systemLegislationlife expectancyLocal Governmentmeasurement errormedical caremedical educationmedicinesMinistry of Financeministry resource ceilingsmismanagementmortalitynational budgetnational levelnational policiesnursesNursingNutritionParliamentpatientpatient satisfactionPatientsPerceptions Indexperformance dataperformance indicatorsperformance measurespharmacyPhysicianphysicianspolitical economypolitical stabilitypoor governancepoor performanceprimary health careprivate providersprivate sectorprocurement corruptionprocurement processprocurement systemsProgram Implementationprogram prioritiesprogram reviewsPublic AdministrationPublic consultationPublic ExpenditurePublic Expenditure TrackingPublic Financial ManagementPublic HealthPublic Health Expenditurepublic health programsPublic Health Servicespublic health spendingpublic hospitalspublic procurementPublic SectorPublic Sector Specialistpublic servicequality of lifereform effortsReform ProgramReform Projectregulatory bodiesRegulatory OutcomesRegulatory Qualityregulatory systemsresource allocationresource allocationsresource ceilingsresource implicationsrule of lawrunning costssalary paymentssector ministryservice deliveryservice providersservice provisionsurgerytransparencytuberculosisurban health careworkersworking conditionsWorldwide Governance IndicatorsWorking PaperWorld Bank10.1596/21661