Briceno-Garmendia, Cecilia M.Dominguez, CarolinaPushak, Nataliya2012-03-192012-03-192011-06-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3452Despite external shocks, Mali's economy grew by 5.3 percent per year between 2003 and 2006, driven primarily by the telecommunications sector. But Mali's landlocked condition, together with the uneven distribution of population and economic activities between the arid north and the much richer south, defy the country's ability to sustain this pace of growth. Mali depends heavily on regional infrastructure and transport corridors. A strategic focus on regional integration has paid off, and critical institutional decisions are bringing many positive developments. But Mali still faces infrastructure challenges, the starkest of which lies in the power sector. The cost of producing power in Mali is among the highest in the region, with the result that only around 17 percent of the population has access to electricity, much lower than in other low-income African countries. The water and sanitation sectors also represent a challenge, as the nation works to separate the power and water-and-sanitation functions of EDM, the multisector utility. Mali spent about $555 million per year on infrastructure during the late 2000s. A total of $200 million is lost annually to inefficiencies. Assessing spending needs against existing spending and potential efficiency gains leaves an annual funding gap of $283 million per year.Mali will likely need more than a decade to reach the illustrative infrastructure targets outlined in this report. Under business-as-usual assumptions for spending and efficiency, it would take over 50 years for Mali to reach these goals. Yet with a combination of increased finance, improved efficiency, and cost-reducing innovations, it should be possible to reduce that time to 15 years.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCESS TO ENERGYACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICESACCESSIBILITYADEQUATE WATER SUPPLYADSLAFFORDABLE ACCESSAIRAIR MARKETAIR SAFETYAIR TRANSPORTAIRCRAFTAIRPORTAIRPORT SECURITYAIRPORTSALTERNATIVE ROUTESAPPROACHAVAILABILITYAVERAGE TARIFFBALANCEBANDWIDTHBEST PRACTICEBITS PER SECONDBOOKMARKBRIDGEBROADBANDBROADBAND MARKETBUSINESSESCABLECALL PRICESCAPITAL COSTSCAPITAL EXPENDITURECAPITAL INVESTMENTCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCARCAR BATTERIESCARRIERSCASH FLOWCHEAPER POWERCOALCOLLECTION EFFICIENCYCOMMERCIAL TARIFFSCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMPETITIVE MARKETSCOMPETITIVENESSCONCESSIONCONCESSION CONTRACTCONCESSIONSCONNECTION SPEEDSCONNECTIVITYCOST OF POWERCOST RECOVERYCOST RECOVERY RATIOCOSTS OF POWERCUSTOMER SATISFACTIONCUSTOMSCUSTOMS CLEARANCEDEMAND FOR POWERDERAILMENTSDIESELDISTRIBUTION LOSSESDOMESTIC ENERGYDRY CELLSECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC GROWTHELECTRIC UTILITYELECTRICITY PRODUCTIONELECTRICITY SECTORELECTRICITY SERVICESEND-USERENERGY COSTSENERGY SERVICESENTERPRISE SURVEYENTERPRISE SURVEYSEQUIPMENTFARESFINANCIAL BURDENFINANCIAL FLOWSFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SCHEMESFINANCIAL VIABILITYFLEETSFREIGHTFREIGHT TRAFFICFUELGASGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION COSTSGROWTH RATESGUARANTEE PROGRAMHARMONIZATIONHIGHWAYSHYDROCARBONSHYDROELECTRIC PLANTHYDROELECTRIC POWERHYDROPOWERICTINFRASTRUCTURE ASSETSINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATIONINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESINFRASTRUCTURE SPENDINGINNOVATIONSINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRAVELINTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERSINVESTMENT TARGETSISPSKEROSENEKILOWATT-HOURLICENSELICENSESLOCOMOTIVEMAINTENANCE CONTRACTSMAINTENANCE COSTSMARGINAL COSTSMARKET ACCESSMARKET CONCENTRATIONMARKET SHAREMINERAL RESOURCESMOBILE PHONEMOBILE SERVICESMOBILE TELEPHONEMODE OF TRANSPORTNATURAL RESOURCESNEIGHBORHOODSO&MOILOIL IMPORTSOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCEROPEN ACCESSOPERATIONAL EFFICIENCYPASSENGER TRAFFICPASSENGERSPENETRATION RATEPHONESPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTHPOWERPOWER CONSUMPTIONPOWER COSTSPOWER DEMANDPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATION CAPACITYPOWER GRIDPOWER PRICESPOWER SECTORPOWER SECTORSPOWER TRADEPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE OPERATORSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENTPRODUCTIVITYPUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC SECTORQUALITY OF SERVICERAILRAIL COMPANYRAIL NETWORKRAIL NETWORKSRAIL OPERATORRAIL SYSTEMRAILWAYRAILWAY LINERAILWAYSREGIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREREGIONAL NETWORKSREGIONAL TRANSPORTRELIABILITYRENEWABLE RESOURCESRESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERSRESULTRESULTSREVENUE COLLECTIONROADROAD MAINTENANCEROAD NETWORKROAD NETWORKSROAD SECTORROAD TRAFFICROAD TRANSPORTROADSROLLING STOCKROUTERURAL ACCESSRURAL ELECTRIFICATIONSAFETYSANITATIONSANITATION SECTORSANITATION SERVICESSANITATION UTILITIESSECURE ACCESSSERVICE PROVIDERSSITESSPEEDSSUPPLY COSTSTARIFF REVISIONSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETELECOMTELECOMMUNICATIONTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICESTRAFFICTRAFFIC DENSITYTRAFFIC LEVELSTRAFFIC PATTERNSTRAFFIC VOLUMETRANSITTRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION CAPACITYTRANSMISSION LINETRANSPORTTRANSPORT CORRIDORSTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT INDICATORSTRANSPORT MARKETTRANSPORT QUALITYTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORTATIONUNIVERSAL ACCESSUNIVERSAL SERVICEUSERUSERSUSESVEHICLESVOICE TELEPHONYVOLTAGEWATER CONSUMPTIONWATER RESOURCESWATER SERVICESWATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTUREWATER TARIFFSWATER UTILITIESWEALTHWEBWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5688