World Bank2013-03-182013-03-182010https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12797This report synthesis the findings for the waste sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbon study, which was undertaken by the World Bank in its initiative to support Brazil's integrated effort towards reducing national and global emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) while promoting long term development. The purpose of the present report is to assist in the preparation of public policy proposals regarding GHG emissions and the additional financial resources necessary. The main purpose of the scenarios is to provide an evaluation of the GHG emissions arising from the different approaches and methods for treating waste and to ensure that important environmental aspects are taken into account when key decisions are being made on the waste treatment technologies to be applied in Brazil. The World Bank and covers four key areas with large potential for low-carbon options: 1) Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF), including deforestation; 2) transport systems; 3) energy production and use, particularly electricity, oil and gas and bio-fuels; and 4) solid and liquid urban waste.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABSENCE OF OXYGENACID GASESAERATIONAEROBIC COMPOSTINGAEROBIC COMPOSTING PROCESSAEROBIC PROCESSAIRAIRFLOWANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITIONANAEROBIC DIGESTIONANAEROBIC LAGOONSANAEROBIC TREATMENTANNUAL PRECIPITATIONANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONSASHATMOSPHEREBASIC SANITATIONBIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANDBIOGASBIOMASSBLOWERSBODBOILERSBOTTOM ASHBURNING WASTECALCIUMCALCIUM CARBONATECALCULATIONCARBONCARBON CONTENTCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE GASCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON PRICECARBON PRICESCATCHMENTCH4CLEAN TECHNOLOGIESCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COLLECTED WASTECOLLECTION FREQUENCYCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION EFFICIENCYCOMBUSTION PROCESSCOMPACTIONCOMPOSTCOMPOSTINGCOMPOSTING PROJECTSDEFORESTATIONDEGRADABLE ORGANIC CARBONDIGESTERSDIOXINSDISPOSAL METHODDISPOSAL OF WASTEDISPOSAL OPERATIONDISPOSAL OPERATIONSDISPOSAL PRACTICESDISPOSAL SITEDISPOSAL SITESDOMESTIC SOLID WASTEDRAINAGEDRAINAGE SYSTEMDRAINAGE SYSTEMSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMISSIONEMISSION ESTIMATESEMISSION FACTOREMISSION FACTORSEMISSION SCENARIOEMISSION SCENARIOSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS DATAEMISSIONS ESTIMATESEMISSIONS FROM INCINERATIONEMISSIONS FROM LANDFILLEMISSIONS FROM LANDFILLSENERGY PRODUCTIONENERGY RECOVERYENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONEQUIPMENT MAINTENANCEESTIMATES OF EMISSIONSEXCHANGERSFABRIC FILTERSFINAL DISPOSALFINAL DISPOSAL OF WASTEFLUE GASESFLUIDIZED BEDFOAMSFORCED AERATIONFORESTRYFOSSIL CARBONFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFUELSGARBAGEGARBAGE TRUCKSGARDENSGAS TREATMENTGAS TREATMENT SYSTEMSGASEOUS EMISSIONSGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION OF WASTEGHGGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGEGLOBAL EMISSIONSGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIESGREENHOUSE GASESH2SHAZARDOUS POLLUTANTSHAZARDOUS WASTEHEATHEATERSHEAVY METALSHOUSEHOLD WASTEHOUSEHOLD WASTE DISPOSALHYDROGENINCINERATIONINCINERATION PROCESSINCINERATORSINCOMEINDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TREATMENTINDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTSIPCCLAND USELANDFILLLANDFILL DISPOSALLANDFILL OPERATIONSLANDFILL PROJECTSLANDFILL SITELANDFILL SITESLANDFILL WASTELEACHATESLEACHINGLIMELOW-CARBONMANUFACTURING PROCESSESMARGINAL ABATEMENTMARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTMETHANEMETHANE CORRECTIONMETHANE RECOVERYMICROORGANISMSMMAMSWMUNICIPAL SERVICESMUNICIPAL SOLIDMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTEMUNICIPAL WASTEN2ONITROUS OXIDENOZZLESODORSORGANIC CARBONORGANIC MATERIALORGANIC WASTEORGANIC WASTE MATERIALSOXIDATIONOXYGENPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATESPERFORATED PIPESPETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRYPIPESPIPINGPLASTICPOLLUTIONPRECIPITATIONPVCRAINFALLRAINWATERRECOVERY SYSTEMSRECYCLABLE MATERIALSRECYCLINGRESIDUESSANITARY CONDITIONSSANITARY LANDFILLSANITARY LANDFILLSSANITATIONSANITATION FACILITIESSANITATION POLICIESSANITATION PROGRAMSANITATION SECTORSANITATION TECHNOLOGYSCAVENGERSEWAGESEWAGE SECTORSEWAGE SLUDGESEWAGE TREATMENTSEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEMSSLUDGESLUDGESSOIL COVERSOLID WASTE INCINERATIONSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSOLID WASTE SECTORSOLID WASTESSOURCE REDUCTIONSPECIAL WASTESTORM WATERSTRAWSULPHURIC ACIDSUSTAINABLE ENERGYTANKSTEMPERATURETHERMAL TREATMENTTOTAL EMISSIONSTURBULENCEUNDERGROUND WATERURBAN WASTEVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSWASTE COLLECTIONWASTE COLLECTION SERVICESWASTE COMPANIESWASTE COMPONENTSWASTE COMPOSITIONWASTE DISPOSALWASTE DISPOSAL SITESWASTE GENERATIONWASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICESWASTE PRODUCTIONWASTE REDUCTIONWASTE SEPARATIONWASTE TREATMENTWASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIESWASTEWATERWATER POLLUTIONWELLSWorld Bank10.1596/12797