World Bank2014-06-122014-06-122014-02-28https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18663Romanian Roma families today constitute a large, young, and extremely poor ethnic minority group, facing exclusion from markets and services. Investments in Roma inclusion are essential for Romania to achieve its Europe 2020 social inclusion goals, and the considerable returns on such investments will lay a more solid foundation for achieving sustained, shared prosperity across Romanian society. Therefore, Roma inclusion is not only a moral imperative, but also smart economics for Romania. This report discusses what it will take for Romania to achieve the socioeconomic inclusion of its Roma population. The report identifies the most important socioeconomic achievement gaps of Romanian Roma. It identifies obstacles to Roma inclusion and examines the relevant institutional framework. It draws policy recommendations based on the observed gaps in outcomes and policies, informed by evidence on what works from international experience. These recommendations focus on providing support and enhancing opportunities for the next generation of Roma while helping to improve the living conditions of the current generation. In this context, the report is organized as follows: chapter one focuses on Roma inclusion is smart economics for Romania; chapter two presents socioeconomic achievement gaps of Roma; chapter three focuses on obstacles to Roma inclusion; and chapter four presents priority interventions and policy measures.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESADULT LITERACYAGEDAGGRESSIVEBASIC EDUCATIONBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBIRTH CONTROLBREASTFEEDINGCHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILD HEALTHCHILD MALNUTRITIONCHILDBEARINGCHILDREN IN PRESCHOOLCHRONIC DISEASECITIZENCITIZENSCITIZENSHIPCIVIL SOCIETY ACTORSCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONSCLASSROOMCLASSROOMSCLINICSCOGNITIVE SKILLSCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY HEALTHCOMPLETION RATECOMPLETION RATESCOMPUTER LITERACYCOUNSELORSCRIMEDECISION MAKINGDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDSDEPENDENCY RATIODEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDIETDIETSDISABILITIESDISABILITYDISADVANTAGED CHILDRENDISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATORY PRACTICESDISSEMINATIONDRINKING WATERDROPOUTEARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENTEARLY CHILDHOODEARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTEARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONEARLY CHILDHOOD YEARSEARLY EDUCATIONEARLY MARRIAGEEARLY YEARS OF LIFEECONOMIC GROWTHEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEFFECTIVE POLICIESELDERLYELDERLY PEOPLEELDERLY PERSONSEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENTEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESENROLLMENT RATEENROLLMENT RATESEXISTING CAPACITYEXISTING POPULATIONFAMILIESFAMILY INCOMEFAMILY MEMBERSFAMILY PLANNINGFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTSFOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONSFUTURE GENERATIONSGIRLSGOVERNMENT AGENCIESHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE PROVIDERSHEALTH CARE SYSTEMSHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH OUTCOMESHEALTH PROVIDERSHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHIGH-RISK BEHAVIORSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLITERACYILLNESSINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIESINFECTIOUS DISEASESINSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMSINTERVENTIONISOLATIONJOB CREATIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLACK OF AWARENESSLACK OF INFORMATIONLARGE FAMILIESLAWSLEGAL STATUSLEVELS OF EDUCATIONLIFE EXPECTANCYLIFE SKILLSLIVING CONDITIONSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL COMMUNITIESLOCAL COMMUNITYLOCAL DEVELOPMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL INFRASTRUCTURELOCAL POPULATIONMANDATESMEATMEDICAL CAREMINORITYMOTHERNATIONAL COUNCILNATIONAL LAWSNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL POPULATIONNEEDS ASSESSMENTNURSENUTRITIONOPEN SOCIETYOPINION LEADERSPARENTAL INVOLVEMENTPARTICIPATION RATESPATIENTSPHYSICAL ACTIVITYPHYSICIANSPOLICY FORMULATIONPOLICY MAKERSPOOR FAMILIESPOOR HEALTHPOPULATION CENSUSPOPULATION DIVISIONPOPULATION GROUPSPRACTITIONERSPREGNANCYPRESCHOOL EDUCATIONPRESCHOOL ENROLLMENTPRIMARY SCHOOLPROGRESSPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC SERVICEQUALITATIVE INFORMATIONQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUALITY OF SERVICESQUALITY PRESCHOOLREADINGRECREATIONAL ACTIVITIESREGIONAL POLICYREPRODUCTIVE HEALTHREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICESRESPECTROLE MODELSRURAL AREASRURAL COMMUNITIESRURAL DEVELOPMENTSAFETY NETSANITATIONSCHOOL HOURSSCHOOL READINESSSCHOOLINGSCHOOLSSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCESCREENINGSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSELF-ESTEEMSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE PROVISIONSERVICE QUALITYSEXUAL ORIENTATIONSEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONSSINGLE MOTHERSSKILLS DEVELOPMENTSKILLS TRAININGSLUM DWELLERSSMOKINGSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL COHESIONSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURESOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL POLICIESSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL SECURITYSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WORKERSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTEACHERSTECHNICAL SKILLSTEENAGE PREGNANCYTELEVISIONTERTIARY EDUCATIONTOLERANCETRAINING WOMENTRANSPORTATIONUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATESURBAN AREASUSE OF RESOURCESVACCINATIONVIOLENCEVOCATIONAL TRAININGVULNERABLE FAMILIESVULNERABLE GROUPSVULNERABLE POPULATIONSWASTEWORK EXPERIENCEWORKERSWORKING-AGE POPULATIONWORLD POPULATIONYOUNG ADULTSYOUNG WORKERSYOUTH10.1596/18663