World Bank2014-04-152014-04-152005-08https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17817This report analyzes some key aspects of food security, namely production, trade, markets and food aid at the national level, and consumption at the household level. In doing so it aspires to make a contribution to the on-going work in Afghanistan regarding the attainment of the poverty and hunger Millennium Development Goal. The major findings of the report can be summarized as follows: Food security (at the national level) does not necessarily require national self-sufficiency in wheat or other food staples, as long as the country has access to international markets. Rather, diversification into legal high-value crops and livestock products may be the most effective means of increasing food security, by generating foreign exchange and raising the incomes and purchasing power of the rural poor. In spite of very difficult conditions, wheat markets in Afghanistan have performed fairly well and private sector international trade has helped to stabilize supply and prices. Therefore, further developing the infrastructure and institutions to support wheat markets and facilitating private sector trade is called for and will enhance food security. At the household level, food insecurity in Afghanistan is largely caused by inadequate access to food resulting from low household incomes. For most of Afghanistan, where availability of food is not a constraint, increasing cash incomes is the more efficient means of enhancing food security of the poor. Development of both private and public capacity for data collection and analysis is a high priority for effective formulation, assessment and implementation of food policies.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO FOODACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETSADEQUATE CALORIESADULT EDUCATIONAGRICULTURAL GROWTHAGRICULTURAL INCOMESAGRICULTURAL LANDAGRICULTURAL POLICYAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL RESEARCHAGRICULTURAL SECTORAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIESAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGYAGRICULTUREANIMAL HUSBANDRYANTHROPOMETRIC SURVEYSBREADCALORIES PER DAYCEREALSCHRONIC POVERTYCONFLICTCONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION QUINTILESCOST OF FOODCROP AREACROP PRODUCTIONDEVELOPMENT POLICYDIVERSIFICATIONDOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTIONDOMESTIC TRADE FLOWSDROUGHTECOLOGICAL ZONESECONOMIC GROWTHELDERLYEMERGENCY EMPLOYMENTEMPLOYMENT PROGRAMEXTREME POVERTYFARM HOUSEHOLDSFARMERFARMERSFARMING SYSTEMSFEEDFEEDING PRACTICESFERTILIZER USEFOOD AIDFOOD AVAILABILITYFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD CROPSFOOD ECONOMYFOOD EXPENDITUREFOOD EXPENDITURESFOOD FOR EDUCATIONFOOD FOR WORKFOOD GRAINSFOOD IMPORTSFOOD INSECURITYFOOD INTAKEFOOD ITEMSFOOD MARKETSFOOD POLICIESFOOD POLICYFOOD POLICY OBJECTIVESFOOD PROCESSINGFOOD PRODUCTIONFOOD PROGRAMSFOOD PURCHASESFOOD SECURITYFOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCYFOOD STAPLESFOOD SUMMITFOOD SUPPLYFOOD SYSTEMFOODGRAINSFOODSFRUITSGOVERNMENT POLICIESGRAIN PRICESGRAIN PRODUCTIONHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTHY LIFEHOUSEHOLD ACCESSHOUSEHOLD FOODHOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITYHOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITYHOUSEHOLD INCOMESHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SIZEHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUNGERHYGIENEIMPROVED SEEDIMPROVED SEEDSINCOMEINCOME POVERTYINCOME-GENERATING PROGRAMSINFANTINFANT MORTALITYINFORMATION SYSTEMINTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCEINTERNATIONAL TRADEIRRIGATIONLAND HOLDINGSLAND MANAGEMENTLAND USELANDLESS HOUSEHOLDSLEGAL STATUSLIVELIHOODSLIVESTOCK OWNERSHIPLIVESTOCK POPULATIONLIVESTOCK PRODUCTIONLIVESTOCK PRODUCTSMAIZEMALNUTRITIONMARKET DEVELOPMENTMARKET PRICEMARKETING COSTSMICRO-FINANCEMIGRATIONMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALMILLERSMOUNTAINOUS TERRAINNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL STRATEGYNATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTNUMBER OF PEOPLENUTRITIONAL BENEFITSNUTRITIONAL OUTCOMESNUTRITIONAL STATUSOPIUMPEACEPOLICY DIALOGUEPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR INDIVIDUALSPOOR INFRASTRUCTUREPOORER HOUSEHOLDSPOPPYPOPPY CULTIVATIONPOPPY SECTORPOVERTYPOVERTY GROUPSPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOVERTY THRESHOLDPRICE STABILIZATIONPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRODUCTION OF WHEATPRODUCTION SYSTEMSPUBLIC POLICYPURCHASING POWERREDUCTION OF POVERTYREGIONAL MARKETSRESOURCE USERICE PRODUCTIONRULE OF LAWRURALRURAL CREDITRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDRURAL HOUSEHOLDSRURAL INCOMESRURAL POORRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POVERTYRURAL REHABILITATIONRURAL VULNERABILITYSAFETY NETSANITATIONSECTORAL POLICIESSECURITY SITUATIONSELF-RELIANCESHARECROPPERSSHARECROPPINGSHEEPSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL CAPITALSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIOECONOMIC FACTORSSTATUS OF WOMENSTORAGE FACILITIESTARGETED TRANSFER PROGRAMSTARGETINGTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSFER PROGRAMSURBAN AREASURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POVERTYVEGETABLESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTWARWATER AVAILABILITYWATER MANAGEMENTWATER RESOURCESWATER USEWATER USERSWATER USERS ASSOCIATIONSWHEAT FLOURWHEAT MARKETSWHEAT PRODUCTIONWINTER MONTHSWORLD FOOD PROGRAMMEWORLD FOOD SUMMITYOUNG CHILDREN10.1596/17817