Liu, LiliWebb, Steven B.2012-03-192012-03-192011-03-01https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3354Fiscal responsibility laws are institutions with which multiple governments in the same economy -- national and subnational --can commit to help avoid irresponsible fiscal behavior that could have short-term advantages to one of them but that would be collectively damaging. Coordination failures with subnational governments in the 1990s contributed to macroeconomic instability and led several countries to adopt fiscal responsibility laws as part of the remedy. The paper analyzes the characteristics and effects of fiscal responsibility laws in seven countries -- Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, India, and Peru. Fiscal responsibility laws are designed to address the short time horizons of policymakers, free riders among government units, and principal agent problems between the national and subnational governments. The paper describes how the laws differ in the specificity of quantitative targets, the strength of sanctions, the methods for increasing transparency, and the level of government passing the law. Evidence shows that fiscal responsibility laws can help coordinate and sustain commitments to fiscal prudence, but they are not a substitute for commitment and should not be viewed as ends in themselves. They can make a positive contribution by adding to the collection of other measures to shore up a coalition of states with the central government in support of fiscal prudence. Policymakers contemplating fiscal responsibility laws may benefit from the systematic review of international practice. One common trait of successful fiscal responsibility laws for subnational governments is the commitment of the central government to its own fiscal prudence, which is usually reinforced by the application of the law at the national as well as the subnational level.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGACCOUNTING POLICIESACCOUNTING STANDARDSACCRUAL ACCOUNTINGADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLAGENCY PROBLEMSAMORTIZATIONARREARSBAILOUTBAILOUTSBANK BAILOUTSBANK FINANCINGBANK LOANSBANKING REGULATIONSBINDING CONSTRAINTBLOCK GRANTSBONDSBORROWERBORROWING COSTSBUDGET BALANCEBUDGET CONSTRAINTBUDGET CONSTRAINTSBUDGET DEFICITBUDGET DEFICITSBUDGET PROCESSBUDGETINGBUSINESS CYCLECAPITAL GROWTHCAPITAL MARKETSCAPITAL REQUIREMENTSCENTRAL BANKCENTRAL BANKSCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCOLLATERALCONSOLIDATIONCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURECONTINGENT LIABILITIESCONVERTIBILITY PLANCOORDINATION FAILURESCOUNTRY COMPARISONSCREDIBILITYCREDIT CONTRACTCREDIT MARKETCREDIT MARKETSCREDIT RATINGCREDIT RATINGSCREDIT SYSTEMCREDITORCREDITWORTHINESSCURRENT EXPENDITURESDEBTDEBT BURDENDEBT CRISESDEBT DATADEBT FINANCINGDEBT MANAGEMENTDEBT MARKETDEBT OBLIGATIONSDEBT OUTSTANDINGDEBT PAYMENTSDEBT RATIODEBT REDUCTIONDEBT RELIEFDEBT RESTRUCTURINGDEBT RESTRUCTURING AGREEMENTDEBT RESTRUCTURING AGREEMENTSDEBT SERVICEDEBT STOCKDEBTORDEBTSDECONCENTRATIONDEFICITSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVOLUTIONDOMESTIC BORROWINGDOMESTIC CREDITENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSENFORCEMENT POWEREXCHANGE RATEEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESFEDERAL COUNTRIESFEDERAL DISTRICTFEDERALISMFINANCESFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL MARKETSFINANCIAL RISKSFINANCIAL STATEMENTSFINANCIAL SYSTEMFISCAL ADJUSTMENTFISCAL AUTONOMYFISCAL CONSTRAINTSFISCAL CRISISFISCAL DECENTRALIZATIONFISCAL DEFICITFISCAL DEFICITSFISCAL DISCIPLINEFISCAL GAPSFISCAL INSTITUTIONSFISCAL LEGISLATIONFISCAL POLICIESFISCAL POLICYFISCAL REFORMFISCAL SUSTAINABILITYFLOATING DEBTFOREIGN CURRENCYGOVERNMENT BONDGOVERNMENT BOND MARKETGOVERNMENT BORROWERSGOVERNMENT BORROWINGGOVERNMENT DEBTGOVERNMENT FINANCEGOVERNMENT GUARANTEEGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONGOVERNORSHARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTSHOLDINGINDEBTEDNESSINFLATIONINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINSTRUMENTINTEREST COSTINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL BORROWINGINTERNATIONAL CREDITINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CRISISINTERNATIONAL INTERESTINTERNATIONAL RATING AGENCIESINVESTMENT SPENDINGISSUANCELAWSLEGAL CONSTRAINTSLEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGAL FRAMEWORKSLEGISLATIONLENDERLENDERSLENDING DECISIONSLEVEL OF GOVERNMENTLOANLOAN GUARANTEESLOCAL CURRENCYLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSMACROECONOMIC ADJUSTMENTMACROECONOMIC CRISISMACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTMACROECONOMIC INSTABILITYMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMACROECONOMIC VARIABLESMARKET DISCIPLINEMARKET PRICINGMATURITYMAYORSMONETARY POLICIESMONETARY POLICYMORAL HAZARDMORAL HAZARDSMUNICIPAL FINANCEMUNICIPALITIESNATIONAL DEBTNATIONAL SECURITYNATIONAL TREASURYNET ASSETSNET DEBTOPERATING EXPENSESOPERATING REVENUEOPERATING SURPLUSPAYMENT OBLIGATIONSPENALTIESPENSIONSPOLITICAL AUTONOMYPRINCIPAL-AGENT PROBLEMPRINCIPAL-AGENT PROBLEMSPRIVATE CREDITORSPRIVATE INVESTMENTSPROVINCESPROVINCIAL DEBTSPROVINCIAL FISCALPUBLIC BANKSPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC FINANCEPUBLIC FINANCE LAWPUBLIC FINANCESPUBLIC SECTOR DEFICITPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGREDEMPTIONRENEGOTIATIONRESERVERESERVE BANKRESERVE BANK OF INDIARETIREMENTRETURNREVENUE BASEREVENUE SHARINGRISK PREMIUMSSAVINGSSOLVENCYSOVEREIGN DEBTSUB-NATIONAL BORROWERSSUBNATIONALSUBNATIONAL DEBTSUBNATIONAL DEFICITSSUBNATIONAL FINANCESUBNATIONAL FINANCESSUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTSSUPERVISION OF BANKSSUPPLY OF CREDITTAXTAX BASESTAX POLICYTAXATIONTRANSPARENCYUNFUNDED MANDATESWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-5587