Kojima, MasamiMatthews, WilliamSexsmith, Fred2014-05-132014-05-132010-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18283This regional study takes twelve oil-importing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and asks the following two questions: does each stage in the supply chain, from import of crude oil or refined products to retail, seem to be efficiently run and are the efficiency gains passed on to end-users? And if not, what are the potential causes and possible means of remedying the problems? The study focuses on Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, and Senegal in West Africa and Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda in East and Southern Africa, covering a wide range of conditions that affect price levels, such as the market size, geography (whether landlocked or coastal), existence of domestic refineries, degree of sector liberalization including pricing, and level of economic development.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ELECTRICITYACCIDENTSALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT MODESAPPROACHAVAILABILITYAVIATION FUELBALANCEBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBARRIERS TO ENTRYBIDDINGBOILERSBORDER TRADEBUSBUS OPERATORSCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCARRIERSCARSCOALCOASTAL TANKERCOMMERCECONCESSIONCONGESTIONCONTINGENT LIABILITIESCOST OF TRANSPORTCOSTS OF FUELCRUDE OILCRUDE OIL PIPELINEDEMAND FOR AVIATIONDEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTSDEPOTDEPOTSDIESELDIESEL FUELDISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTUREDOMESTIC CRUDE OILDOMESTIC MARKETDOWNSTREAM OILDUMPINGECONOMIC REGULATIONECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTELECTRICITYEXPENDITURESEXPORT MARKETEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIESFAIRFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL PERFORMANCEFLEET MANAGEMENTFLEET OPERATORSFREE GASOLINEFREIGHTFREIGHT SECTORFREIGHT TRANSPORTFUELFUEL ADULTERATIONFUEL COSTSFUEL OILFUEL PRICESFUEL PROCUREMENTFUEL QUALITYFUEL SHORTAGEFUEL SHORTAGESFUEL SOURCESFUEL SPECIFICATIONSFUEL SUPPLYFUEL TAXFUEL TAXESFUELSGAS PROCESSING PLANTGASOLINEGASOLINE COSTGASOLINE PRICESGASOLINE PRODUCTIONGRID POWERGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHIGH-SULFURHIGHER OIL PRICESHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURESHUB AIRPORTSINSPECTIONINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL OIL PRICESINVENTORYKEROSENEKEROSENE CONSUMPTIONLAND TRANSPORTLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUID FUELSLONG-DISTANCELUBRICANTSMARGINAL COSTMARKET CONCENTRATIONMARKET INFORMATIONMARKET PRICESMARKET SHAREMARKET STRUCTUREMARKETINGMILLION BARRELSMINERALMONOPOLIESMONOPOLYNATIONAL ENERGYNATIONAL OILNATURAL GASNATURAL GAS PROCESSINGNATURAL MONOPOLIESNATURAL RESOURCESOIL AND GASOIL COMPANYOIL DEMANDOIL INDUSTRYOIL MARKETINGOIL MARKETING COMPANIESOIL PIPELINEOIL PRICEOIL PRICESOIL PRODUCEROIL PRODUCTSOIL REFINERIESOIL REFININGOIL SECTOROIL SUPPLYOIL-IMPORTING COUNTRIESPETROLEUMPETROLEUM GASPETROLEUM INDUSTRYPETROLEUM MARKETPETROLEUM MARKETSPETROLEUM PRODUCT CONSUMPTIONPETROLEUM PRODUCT PRICESPETROLEUM PRODUCT PRICINGPETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLYPETROLEUM PRODUCTSPETROLEUM REFINERIESPETROLEUM SECTORPIPELINEPIPELINE CAPACITYPIPELINE COMPANYPIPELINE TRANSPORTPIPELINESPORT OF ENTRYPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER SECTORPOWER SHORTAGESPRICE ADJUSTMENTPRICE CEILINGSPRICE CONTROLPRICE CONTROLSPRICE INCREASESPRICE LEVELSPRICE OF OILPRICE REGULATIONPRICE SPIKESPRICE STABILIZATIONPRICE STRUCTUREPRICE TRENDSPRICE VARIATIONSPRICE VOLATILITYPRICING POLICIESPRICING POLICYPRIMARY SOURCESPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE VEHICLESPRODUCT PRICINGPRODUCT QUALITYPRODUCTS PIPELINEPROFIT MARGINSPUBLIC TRANSPORTPURCHASINGRAILRAIL FREIGHTRAIL INFRASTRUCTURERAIL LINERAIL TRANSPORTRAIL USERAILWAYRAILWAYSREFINED PRODUCTSREFINERYRESIDUAL FUELRESIDUAL FUEL OILRETAILRETAIL MARKETINGRETAIL PRICERETAIL PRICESRETAILINGROADROAD CONDITIONSROAD DAMAGEROAD IMPROVEMENTROAD TRANSPORTROADSROUTEROUTESSALESALESSALES ARRANGEMENTSSPOT PRICESSTOCK LEVELSSTOCK MANAGEMENTSTOCKSSTORAGE CAPACITYSTORAGE FACILITIESSULFURSULFUR CONTENTSUPPLIERSUPPLIERSSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CONTRACTSUPPLY EFFICIENCYSUPPLY OF ELECTRICITYSURPLUSTAXTAX REVENUESTRAFFICTRAFFIC SAFETYTRAINSTRANSITTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORT ACTIVITIESTRANSPORT CAPACITYTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SERVICESTRANSPORTATIONTRUCKSTRUEUNDERGROUNDUTILITIESVEHICLEWHOLESALE DISTRIBUTORSWHOLESALE MARKETINGWHOLESALE PRICESWHOLESALERSWORLD MARKETWORLD OIL PRICES10.1596/18283