Harrison, Glenn W.Rutherford, Thomas F.Tarr, David G.Gurgel, Angelo2014-02-262014-02-262004-09World Bank Economic Reviewhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/17162A multi-region computable general equilibrium model is used to evaluate the regional, multilateral, and unilateral trade policy options of Mercosur from the perspective of the welfare of all potential partners in several proposed agreements. The focus for Brazil is on poverty impacts. The results show that the poorest households in Brazil experience gains of 1.5-5.5 percent of their consumption, which are about three to four times the average gains for Brazil. Protection in Brazil favors capital-intensive manufacturing relative to unskilled labor-intensive agriculture and manufacturing. So trade liberalization raises the return to unskilled labor relative to capital and disproportionately helps the poor.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESAGRICULTURAL MARKETSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIESAGRICULTURAL SUPPORTAGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICIESAGRICULTURAL TRADEAGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATIONAGRICULTUREAPPLIED TARIFFARBITRAGEAVERAGE EXCHANGE RATEAVERAGE TARIFFAVERAGE TARIFFSBENCHMARKBORDER PROTECTIONBUDGET CONSTRAINTSCOEFFICIENT ESTIMATECONSUMER SURPLUSCONSUMERSCORRELATION COEFFICIENTCOUNTRY DUMMYCOUNTRY DUMMY VARIABLESCURRENCY DATACUSTOMSCUSTOMS REVENUEDEMAND ELASTICITIESDEMAND ELASTICITYDEPRESSING EFFECTDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDISTORTIONSDOMESTIC CONSUMPTIONDOMESTIC DEMANDDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONDOMESTIC SUPPORT POLICIESECONOMETRIC ANALYSISECONOMIC POLICYELASTICITYELASTICITY OF EXPORTEQUILIBRIUMEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE OVERVALUATIONEXOGENOUS SHOCKEXPORT REVENUEEXPORT SUBSIDIESEXPORT SUBSIDYEXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTSEXPORT SUPPLYEXPORTERSEXPORTSFACTOR MARKETSFIXED COSTSFOOD INDUSTRYFREE ACCESSGDPGENERAL EQUILIBRIUMGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELSGLOBAL TRADEGLOBAL TRADE ANALYSISHIGH TARIFFSHIGH-INCOME COUNTRIESIMPACT ON PRICEIMPORTIMPORT COMPETITIONIMPORT DEMANDIMPORT PRICESIMPORTSINCOMEINDUSTRIAL POLICYINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICSINTERNATIONAL MARKETINTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTLDCSMARKET ACCESSMARKET STRUCTUREMOST FAVORED NATIONNATIONAL CURRENCYNATIONAL INTERESTSNET EXPORTERSOVERVALUATIONPER CAPITA INCOMEPREFERENTIAL ACCESSPREFERENTIAL TRADEPREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTSPRICE ELASTICITIESPRICE ELASTICITYPRICE INCREASESPRICE SUPPORTPRICE SUPPORTSPRODUCT MARKETSPROTECTION DATAPROTECTION MEASURESQUOTA TARIFFSQUOTASREDUCTION IN TARIFFSRENTSRULES OF ORIGINSPECIALIZATIONSPECIFIC COMMITMENTSSUBSIDY POLICIESSUPPLY RESPONSESUPPLY SIDETARIFF CLASSIFICATIONTARIFF EQUIVALENTTARIFF LINESTARIFF PROTECTIONTARIFF RATETARIFF RATE QUOTASTARIFF REDUCTIONTARIFF REDUCTIONSTARIFF REVENUETAXATIONTERMS OF TRADETOTAL EXPORTSTRADE BARRIERSTRADE DATATRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE LOSSESTRADE NEGOTIATIONSTRADE POLICYTRADE POLICY REFORMSTRADE PREFERENCESTRADE REFORMSTRADE RESTRICTIVENESSTRADE SHARESTRADING PARTNERSTRANSPORT COSTSUNILATERAL LIBERALIZATIONURUGUAY ROUNDWEIGHTSWELFARE GAINSWELFARE IMPACTSWELFARE LOSSWELFARE LOSSESWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORSWORLD ECONOMYWORLD MARKETWORLD MARKETSWORLD PRICEWORLD PRICESWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWORLD TRADING SYSTEMWTOJournal ArticleWorld Bank10.1596/17162