Sharma, GunjanFernandes, Ana M.2012-06-292012-06-292012-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/9344This paper uses plant-level data to examine the impact of industrial and trade policy reforms on the geographic concentration of manufacturing industries in India from 1980 to 1999. First, the research shows that de-licensing and liberalization in foreign direct investment significantly reduced spatial concentration, but trade reforms had no significant effect on spatial concentration. Second, plants respond differently to policy reforms based on their size. Liberalization in foreign direct investment and de-licensing caused small plants to disperse, while trade liberalization had the opposite effect. However, for large plants trade liberalization led to lower spatial concentration.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGBARRIERBARRIERS TO COMPETITIONBOOK VALUECENTRALIZATIONCOMMODITIESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ECONOMICSCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITORSCONDITIONSCONSTRUCTIONCONSUMERSCOST FUNCTIONSCOST REDUCTIONCOSTS OF PRODUCTIONDEREGULATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICSDEVELOPMENT POLICYDIVIDENDSDOMESTIC MARKETDRIVERSECONOMETRICSECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC CONDITIONSECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC CRITERIAECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC IMPLICATIONSECONOMIC INTEGRATIONECONOMIC LIBERALIZATIONECONOMIC POLICIESECONOMIC REFORMSECONOMIES OF SCALEELASTICITYEMPLOYMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXCHANGE RATE REGIMEEXPORT MARKETSEXPORTSEXTERNALITIESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN FIRMSFOREIGN INVESTMENTSFOREIGN MARKETSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFOREIGN TRADEFREE PRESSGEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONGLOBALIZATIONGROWTH RATEGROWTH RATESINCOMEINCREASING RETURNSINCREASING RETURNS TO SCALEINDUSTRIAL AREASINDUSTRIAL INVESTMENTSINDUSTRIAL LOCATIONINDUSTRIAL POLICIESINDUSTRIAL POLICYINDUSTRIAL STRUCTUREINDUSTRIALISTSINDUSTRIALIZATIONINNOVATIONINTERNATIONAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORIESLABOR FORCELABOR MOBILITYLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR RELATIONSLABOURLICENSELICENSINGMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMANUFACTURING INDUSTRYMARGINAL COSTMARKET ACCESSMARKET DISCIPLINEMARKET SHARESMIXED ECONOMYMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITIONMOTIVATIONNATURAL RESOURCEOUTPUTOUTPUT RATIOOUTPUTSPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIESPRIVATE CAPITALPRODUCERSPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROTECTIONISMRATE OF GROWTHRENTSSAVINGSSKILLED LABORSKILLED WORKERSSUPPLIERSTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGESTHIRD WORLDTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICIESTRADE POLICYTRADE REFORMSUNSKILLED LABORUNSKILLED WORKERSURBANIZATIONVALUABLE INFORMATIONWAGESWORLD ECONOMYWORLD MARKETSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-6062