World Bank2012-03-192012-03-192011-06-30https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2797This study's objectives are: (i) to present the pros and cons of existing and alternative brick technologies in Bangladesh with specific focus on pollution and energy efficiency; (ii) to estimate the private and social benefits of these technologies (iii) to summarize China's experience in the development of the brick industry, as the world leader brick producer and (iv) to provide concrete recommendations for adopting cleaner technologies in Bangladesh. The study focuses on the brick cluster located in northern Dhaka, which comprises 530 Fixed Chimney Kiln (FCKs) that produce 2.1 billion bricks annually (14 percent of the country's brick production). As the brick sector is a prominent contributor to air pollution in Dhaka, it is important to distinguish its contribution to the city's air pollution from other sources, including transport and other industries. Because of limited data availability, the analysis relies on the most realistic assumptions drawn from monitored data in Bangladesh or neighboring countries (i.e., Nepal and India). As a result, the estimated net returns for each technology are orders of magnitude rather than precise estimates. This report analysis the brick sector in Bangladesh and assesses the feasibility of cleaner alternative technologies.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO ENERGYACIDAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAIRAIR FLOWAIR LEAKAGEAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYALTERNATIVE FUELAMBIENT AIRAMBIENT AIR POLLUTIONAMBIENT AIR QUALITYAMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDSAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONSANECDOTAL EVIDENCEAPPROACHASHATMOSPHEREAVAILABILITYBENEFIT ANALYSISBUILDING MATERIALBUILDING MATERIALSBURNERSBURNING COALCALORIFIC VALUECANCERCAPITAL COSTCAPSCARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON EMISSIONCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON MARKETCARBON MARKETSCARBON MONOXIDECEMENTCERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONSCLEAN AIRCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMCLEAN TECHNOLOGIESCLEANER AIRCLEANER TECHNOLOGIESCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COALCOAL ASHCOAL BURNINGCOAL CONSUMPTIONCOAL PARTICLESCOALSCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION PRODUCTSCOMPRESSIVE STRENGTHCOST BENEFIT ANALYSISCOST OF CARBONCOST-BENEFITCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSISCOW DUNGDEFORESTATIONDIESELDIESEL ENGINEDISCOUNT RATEDISCOUNT RATESDOMESTIC PRODUCTIONDUSTECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC BENEFITSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INCENTIVESEFFICIENCY GAINSELECTRICITYELECTRICITY CONSUMPTIONELECTRICITY DEMANDEMISSION FACTOREMISSION LEVELSEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION STANDARDSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS STANDARDSEMPLOYMENTENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIESENERGY INTENSIVEENERGY SAVINGSENERGY SHORTAGEENERGY USEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIESENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSEXCHANGE RATEEXTERNALITIESFEASIBILITYFEEDSTOCKFINANCIAL CAPACITYFINANCIAL INCENTIVESFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SECTORFLUE GASFLUE GASESFLY ASHFORESTFOREST DEGRADATIONFORESTSFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL INJECTIONFUEL TYPEFUEL USEGAS AS FUELGAS FLOWGAS LINESGAS STREAMGAS SUPPLYGENERATIONGENERATION CAPACITYGHGGHGSGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITYGLOBAL WARMINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GASESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH HAZARDHEALTH PROBLEMSHEATHEAT TRANSFERHOT FLUE GASHOT GASHOUSEHOLD COOKINGHUMAN HEALTHHUMIDITYINCOMEINTERNAL COMBUSTIONIPCCIRONJOBSKILOWATT HOURLABOR COSTSLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR SUPPLYLAND DEGRADATIONLIVING CONDITIONSLOAD SHEDDINGLOWER PRICEMARKET PRICESMINERAL RESOURCESMOISTURE CONTENTMONETARY TERMSNATURAL GASNATURAL GAS SUPPLYNATURAL RESOURCESNITROGENNITROGEN OXIDESNOXNUTRIENTSORGANIC MATTERPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE EMISSIONSPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATE POLLUTIONPARTICULATESPEAK DEMANDPHOTOSYNTHESISPILOT PROJECTSPIPELINEPM10POLLUTANT EMISSIONSPOLLUTANTSPOLLUTION LEVELPOLLUTION LEVELSPOLLUTION REDUCTIONPORTFOLIOPOWERPOWER GENERATIONPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPRESENT VALUEPRODUCTION COSTSPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYRAINFALLRAW MATERIALRAW MATERIALSREAL ESTATEREDUCING EMISSIONSRETROFITTINGSANDSCRUBBERSSMOKESO2SOCIAL COSTSSULFURSULFUR CONTENTSULFUR DIOXIDESUNLIGHTSUNSHINESURFACE TEMPERATURETAX POLICIESTEMPERATURETONS OF COAL EQUIVALENTTOTAL EMISSIONSTOXICSURBAN AIR POLLUTIONURBAN CENTERSWAGESWASTEWEATHER CONDITIONSWINDWorld Bank10.1596/2797