World Bank2014-08-192014-08-192008-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19487The objective of this paper is to present a succinct and up-to-date review of the urban sector in Egypt, with a focus on issues for which there is new insight or emerging government interest. The two main themes of the report are the challenges facing the urban sector and the policy implications at various levels of government. Some of the reports mains findings are: urbanization in Egypt takes on forms and processes which are not well understood and as a consequence urban policies are sometimes weak or counter productive; until now policies and actions in the urban sector have mainly consisted of State driven, supply-side interventions; due to the focus on development in the desert, the dynamics of urbanism in the Nile Valley and Delta, which together contain over 95 percent of the country's population, have largely been ignored; and finally it is rare that government of Egypt's urban development projects include a strategy of capturing the appreciation value of their investments ("unearned increment"), cross-subsidization or cost recovery. The note concludes with a set of recommendations of ways to improve the government's response to the urban challenge.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAFFORDABLE HOUSINGAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIESAGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENTSAIR POLLUTIONBASIC INFRASTRUCTUREBUILDING CODESCAPACITY BUILDINGCHILDBEARINGCHILDBEARING AGECITIESCITIZENCITIZENSCITY DEVELOPMENTCITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGYCLINICSCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY FACILITIESCORE HOUSINGCOUNTRYSIDECROWDED HOUSINGDECLINE IN FERTILITYDEMOGRAPHIC IMPACTDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONDEPENDENCY RATIOSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVESDEVELOPMENT PLANSDEVELOPMENT POLICIESDEVELOPMENT POLICYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIESDISTRICTSECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC TRENDSEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEXPENDITURESFEMALEFEMALESFERTILITYFERTILITY LEVELSFERTILITY RATESFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFUTURE POPULATIONGOVERNMENT AGENCIESGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH IN POPULATIONHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH SERVICESHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLDSHOUSINGHOUSING AFFORDABILITYHOUSING MARKETSHOUSING POLICYHOUSING STANDARDSHOUSING SUBSIDIESHOUSING SUPPLYHOUSING UNITSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN SETTLEMENTILLITERACYINCIDENCE OF POVERTYINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINDUSTRIALIZATIONINFORMAL HOUSINGINFORMAL SETTLEMENTSINHABITANTSINTERNAL MIGRATIONINTERVENTIONSJOB CREATIONJOB OPPORTUNITIESLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLAND DEVELOPMENTLAND MANAGEMENTLAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGYLAND REGISTRATIONLAND SPECULATIONLAND TENURELAND USELAND VALUELAND VALUE INCREMENTSLARGE CITIESLARGE POPULATIONLIFESTYLESLIMITED RESOURCESLIVE BIRTHSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL DEVELOPMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW-INCOMEMANDATESMIGRANTSMINISTRY OF EDUCATIONMOTHERMUNICIPAL AUTHORITIESNATIONAL COUNCILNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTNATIONAL GOVERNMENTNATIONAL LEVELNATIONAL LEVELSNATIONAL POLICYNATIONAL POPULATIONNATURAL RESOURCESNEIGHBORHOODNEIGHBORHOODSNEW TOWNSNUMBER OF MIGRANTSNUTRITIONOVERCROWDINGPHYSICAL PLANNINGPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY IMPLICATIONSPOLICY MAKERSPOOR FAMILIESPOPULATION CENSUSESPOPULATION COUNCILPOPULATION DISTRIBUTIONPOPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION INCREASEPOPULATION PROJECTIONSPOPULATION SIZEPOTABLE WATERPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMATE CITIESPRIMATE CITYPROVISION OF EDUCATIONPUBLIC HOUSINGPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC LANDPUBLIC OPINIONPUBLIC SERVICESPURCHASING POWERPURCHASING POWER PARITYQUALITY OF SERVICESRATE OF GROWTHREAL ESTATE MARKETSREGIONAL DEVELOPMENTREGIONAL DISPARITIESREGIONAL HUBREGIONAL POLICYREGIONAL POPULATIONREGULATORY FRAMEWORKSRESIDENTIAL AREASRESIDENTIAL MOBILITYRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESPECTRURAL AREASRURAL POPULATIONRURAL POPULATIONSSECONDARY CITIESSELF-HELPSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVISIONSERVICED LANDSET OF RECOMMENDATIONSSETTLEMENT PATTERNSETTLEMENT PATTERNSSLUMSLUMSSMALL TOWNSSOCIAL AFFAIRSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SERVICESSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONSPATIAL PLANNINGSQUATTERSQUATTER SETTLEMENTSSUBDIVISIONSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL TRAININGTOWNSTRAFFICTRAINING CENTERSTRANSPORTATIONUNEMPLOYMENTUNIONSUNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISIONURBANURBAN AGGLOMERATIONSURBAN AREAURBAN AREASURBAN BIASURBAN CENTERSURBAN CHALLENGEURBAN COMMUNITIESURBAN COREURBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN DWELLERSURBAN ECONOMIESURBAN EXPANSIONURBAN GROWTHURBAN HOUSINGURBAN INFRASTRUCTUREURBAN ISSUESURBAN LANDURBAN MANAGEMENTURBAN MIGRATIONURBAN PLANNINGURBAN PLANSURBAN POLICIESURBAN POLICYURBAN POPULATIONURBAN POPULATIONSURBAN POVERTYURBAN PROJECTSURBAN SECTORURBAN SERVICESURBAN STRUCTUREURBANISMURBANIZATIONVILLAGESVOCATIONAL TRAININGWEIGHT OF NUMBERSWORKING CLASSYOUTHYOUTH CENTERS10.1596/19487