Buviníc, MayraMorrison, Andrew R.Ofosu-Amaah, A. WaafasSjöblom, Mirja2012-05-292012-05-292008978-0-8213-7446-7https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6550There is compelling evidence of the importance of gender equality for poverty reduction and sustainable growth. So it should come as no surprise that most development actors-international agencies, bilateral donors, and most developing countries, have an official policy for promoting gender equality. Millennium Development Goal 3 (MDG3) on gender equality and women's empowerment is shared global commitment. With only seven years remaining until the end date for the MDGs, it is an opportune time to take stock of where the world stands in terms of progress toward gender equality. This volume documents trends both on the official MDG3 indicators and on an expanded set of indicators that provide a more complete measure of gender equality, especially in the area of women's economic empowerment. The message that emerges is both hopeful and sobering: progress toward equality in capabilities has been considerable, but progress toward equality of opportunities for women's economic livelihoods leaves much to be desired. Beyond tracking trends toward gender equality, the volume reviews different measures of gender equality and estimates the financial resources required to achieve this objective. While necessarily imprecise, such estimates can provide a rough guide as to whether the level of effort devoted by international donors and developing countries is adequate in the area of women's economic empowerment.en-USCreative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS FOR WOMENACCESS TO CREDITACCESS TO LOANACCESS TO MARKETSACCESS TO RESOURCESADOLESCENT GIRLSADOLESCENTSADVANCEMENT OF WOMENAGE OF MARRIAGEAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTAID EFFECTIVENESSANTIDISCRIMINATIONANTIDISCRIMINATION LEGISLATIONASSET OWNERSHIPBANK OFFICEBORROWERBORROWINGBUSINESS OWNERSHIPCAPACITY BUILDINGCHILD CARECHILD DEVELOPMENTCOLLATERALCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTSCONTRACEPTIONCONTRACEPTIVE USECOST ESTIMATESCREDIT INSTITUTIONSCREDIT MARKETCREDIT MARKETSCREDIT PROGRAMCREDIT PROGRAMSCULTURAL NORMSCUSTOMARY LAWCUSTOMARY LAWSDAY CAREDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCEDEVELOPMENT BANKDISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENDISCRIMINATORY PRACTICESDOMESTIC VIOLENCEDONOR RESOURCESEARNINGSECONOMIC ACTIVITIESECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIESECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENEDUCATION LEVELEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTEDUCATIONAL LEVELSEMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CAREEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESEMPOWERMENTENDOWMENTSENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSENROLLMENTENROLLMENTSEQUAL RIGHTSEQUALITYEQUALITY FOR WOMENEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIESEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITYEQUALITY POLICYEUEXCHANGE RATEEXPENDITUREEXPENDITURESFAMILIESFAMILY PLANNINGFAMILY PLANNING FOR WOMENFAMILY RELATIONSHIPSFARMERSFEMALEFEMALE EMPLOYMENTFEMALE FARMERSFEMALE LABORFEMALE LABOR FORCEFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONFEMALE LITERACYFEMALE WORKERFEMINIST ECONOMICSFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCING NEEDSFLEXIBLE REPAYMENTSFORMAL CREDITFORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICESFORMS OF DISCRIMINATIONFORMS OF VIOLENCEFORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENFUNDING SOURCESGENDERGENDER ACTIONGENDER ANALYSISGENDER DIFFERENCESGENDER DISCRIMINATIONGENDER DISPARITIESGENDER DISPARITYGENDER EQUALITYGENDER EQUALITY POLICYGENDER EQUITYGENDER GAPGENDER GAPSGENDER INEQUALITIESGENDER INEQUALITYGENDER ISSUESGENDER MAINSTREAMINGGENDER NEEDSGENDER NEUTRALGENDER PARITYGENDER SPECIFICGENDER VIOLENCEGENDER WAGE GAPSGENDERSGIRLSGUARANTEE SCHEMEHOMEHOUSEHOLDSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RIGHTSIDINEQUALITIESINEQUALITYINFORMAL SECTORINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINTEREST RATESINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTSINTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDSINTERNATIONAL LAWSJUDGELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKETLABOR MARKETSLABOUR ORGANIZATIONLAND ADMINISTRATIONLAND OWNERSHIPLAND RIGHTSLAWSLEGAL REFORMLEGAL REFORMSLEGAL STATUSLEGISLATIONLITERATE FEMALESLOANMAINSTREAMING GENDERMARRIAGE FOR GIRLSMATERNAL HEALTHMATERNAL MORTALITYMATERNITY LEAVEMATERNITY LEAVESMICRO CREDITMICRO-CREDITMICROCREDITMICROFINANCEMINIMUM AGE OF MARRIAGEMINISTRY OF WOMENNUTRITIONOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMENOPPORTUNITY FOR WOMENOUTREACHOWNERSHIP OF LANDPARTICIPATION OF WOMENPENSIONPENSIONSPOOR WOMENPREGNANCIESPRODUCTIVITYPROMOTION OF GENDER EQUALITYPROPERTY OWNERSHIPPROPERTY RIGHTSPUBLIC EDUCATIONPUBLIC POLICYREPRODUCTIVE HEALTHREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICESSAVINGSSAVINGS RATESSCHOLARSHIPSELF- EMPLOYMENTSEXSEX DIFFERENCESSEX DISCRIMINATIONSEX DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENSEX SELECTIONSEX WORKERSSEXESSEXUAL HEALTHSMALL BUSINESSSMALL ENTERPRISESMALL FARMERSSMALL LOANSSOCIAL CHANGESOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL JUSTICESOCIAL WELFARESON PREFERENCESTATUS OF WOMENTEENAGE PREGNANCYTRANSACTION COSTSUNDPUNEMPLOYMENTUNESCOUNICEFUNIFEMUNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMENUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMEURBAN DEVELOPMENTVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENWILLWOMANWOMEN EQUALITYWOMEN FARMERSWOMEN'S STATUSWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7446-7