Rodríguez, AlbertoDahlman, CarlSalmi, Jamil2012-05-252012-05-252008978-0-8213-7438-2https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6413Brazil has made considerable progress toward macroeconomic stability since reform measures began to take hold in the early 1990s, and its economy has produced stronger growth as a result an average of 2.5 percent annually over the past decade. This study provides a broad, cross-sectoral analysis of Brazil's capacity for producing knowledge and innovation. As such, it moves beyond the traditional recommendation that is, builds a stable macroeconomic environment and business-friendly physical and policy infrastructure and instead seeks a more comprehensive approach. The fact is that Brazil has delivered some important successes with efforts to develop innovation in agriculture, aerospace and energy. But like other middle-income nations, it is discovering that it must re-evaluate its education system, its information technology infrastructure, and its policy framework for encouraging innovation to ensure that its economy as a whole is growing fast enough to keep up with the global competition while also guaranteeing progress in its fight against poverty. This study was developed in close consultation with Brazilian government and civil society leaders, who are deeply engaged with the question of how to foster innovation and greater economic competitiveness. Indeed, the breadth of the support for this study is a testament to Brazil's pragmatism and perseverance in pursuing more robust growth. It is also a welcome reflection of its continually evolving relationship with the World Bank. Today, Brazil has emerged as a leader of efforts to build South-South cooperation. In this role, it can set an important example for other middle-income nations and act as a bridge between the northern and southern hemispheres.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCOUNTINGADJUSTMENT POLICIESAGRICULTUREAVERAGE GROWTHAVERAGE WAGESBASIC EDUCATIONBENCHMARKINGBORROWINGBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS LEADERSBUSINESS PROCESSESBUSINESS SECTORCALCULATIONSCAPABILITIESCAPABILITYCAPITAL GOODSCAPITAL MARKETCASH TRANSFERSCENTRAL BANKCOMMERCECOMMODITIESCOMMODITYCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYCOMMUNITY ACTIONCOMMUNITY COLLEGESCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGESCOMPETITION POLICYCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPUTERSCONSUMERCONSUMERSCONTRIBUTIONCONTRIBUTIONSCOPYRIGHTCURRENCYCYCLE OF POVERTYDATA ANALYSESDEBTDEBT MANAGEMENTDEBTSDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDISTANCE LEARNINGDIVERSIFICATIONE-MAILEARNINGSECONOMETRIC ANALYSISECONOMETRIC MODELSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC HISTORYECONOMIC POWERECONOMIC RESEARCHEDUCATION INSTITUTIONSEDUCATION PROGRAMENABLING ENVIRONMENTEQUIPMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXPORT SECTOREXPORTSEXTERNAL SHOCKSFINANCIAL ADMINISTRATIONFINANCIAL RESOURCESFLOW OF GOODFOREIGN COMPETITIONFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN INVESTMENTFORMAL EDUCATIONGDPGDP PER CAPITAGLOBAL COMPETITIVENESSGLOBAL KNOWLEDGEGLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ECONOMYGLOBAL MARKETGLOBAL MARKETSGLOBALIZATIONGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTGROWTH POTENTIALGROWTH RATEHARDWAREHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN RESOURCESICTINCOMEINCOME GROUPINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTINFLATIONINFLATION RATESINFORMATION INFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINNOVATIONINNOVATION PROGRAMSINSTITUTIONINTELLECTUAL PROPERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSINTEREST RATESINTERNAL DATAINTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSINTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESSINTERNATIONAL STANDARDSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTIONINVESTMENT CLIMATEJOB TENUREJOINT VENTURESKNOWLEDGE INDUSTRIESLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLARGE ENTERPRISELARGE ENTERPRISESLARGE FIRMSLEARNING OUTCOMESLEGAL ENVIRONMENTLICENSESLIFE SPANLITERACYLIVING STANDARDSLOW INCOMEMACROECONOMIC CONDITIONSMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENTMACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCEMACROECONOMIC SHOCKSMACROECONOMIC STABILITYMACROECONOMIC STABILIZATIONMANUFACTURINGMATERIALMATHMATHEMATICSMEDIUM ENTERPRISESMONETARY POLICYMULTIMEDIANATIONAL BANKNATIONAL CURRICULUMNATIONAL ECONOMYNATIONAL INCOMENATURAL RESOURCENATURAL RESOURCESNEW TECHNOLOGYNEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIESOPPORTUNITY COSTSPATENTSPENSIONSPER CAPITA INCOMEPERSONAL COMPUTERPHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTUREPHYSICSPOLICY FRAMEWORKPOTENTIAL OUTPUTPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPRIMARY EDUCATIONPRIVATE FUNDSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTPROBABILITYPRODUCTION PROCESSESPRODUCTIVITYPROTECTIONISMPUBLIC AWARENESSPUBLIC DEBTPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC INVESTMENTPUBLIC INVESTMENTSPURCHASING POWERQUALITY OF EDUCATIONQUERIESR&DRAPID GROWTHREAL GDPREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTRESULTRESULTSRISK AVERSESALARIESSALARYSAVINGSSECONDARY EDUCATIONSECONDARY SCHOOLSECONDARY SCHOOLSSENIORSILICONSMALL BUSINESSSMALLER FIRMSSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL SERVICESOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSTAKEHOLDERSTAKEHOLDERSSTRUCTURAL CHANGESUPPORT PROGRAMTAX INCENTIVESTEACHERSTECHNICAL ASSISTANCETECHNICAL SKILLSTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSTECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURETECHNOLOGY PARKSTECHNOLOGY TRANSFERTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONETERTIARY EDUCATIONTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYTRADE BARRIERSTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRANSPARENT WAYUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT RATEUNEMPLOYMENT RATESUNIVERSITIESUNSKILLED WORKERSUSESVALUE ADDEDWAGEWEALTHWEBWEB SITEWEB SITESWORLD MARKETSWORTHWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7438-2