World Bank Group2016-03-152016-03-152016-05-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/23954Bleak short-term economic outlook raises the risk that social and environmental achievements may not be sustained. The changed economic circumstances have exposed shortcomings in Brazil’s development model, epitomized by the struggle to achieve a sustainable fiscal policy. Against this background, some Brazilians are now asking whether the gains of the past decade might have been an illusion, created by the commodity boom, but unsustainable in today’s less forgiving international environment. Brazil thus finds itself at an important juncture and, to a certain extent, the policy course set today will determine whether the country can sustain the gains of the past and return to a path of solid, inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth. This Systematic Country Diagnostic offers a contribution to the debate about Brazil’s future development.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCESPOPULATION DENSITIESSOCIAL COSTSDURABLE GOODSSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENTECONOMIC GROWTHAIR QUALITYWASTE MANAGEMENTREDUCING EMISSIONSDISPOSABLE INCOMEECONOMIC CONSEQUENCESPRODUCERSENVIRONMENTAL COSTSHEAVY METALSRESOURCE MANAGEMENTLABOR FORCETIMBERMARGINAL PRODUCTREVENUESENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSLABOR INPUTSEMISSION REDUCTIONENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESMODELSSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTEMISSION REDUCTIONSAUDITSDEBT INTERESTECONOMIC ACTIVITYEXPLOITATIONOIL PRICESENVIRONMENTAL RISKLABOR COSTSAIR POLLUTIONOILCORPORATE INCOME TAXESCAPITAL FORMATIONLABOR PRODUCTIVITYEXTERNALITIESBARRIERS TO ENTRYDEBTFORESTRYBENEFIT ANALYSISPOLICY DECISIONSNATURAL RESOURCESSUBSIDIESCERTAIN EXTENTCARBON EMISSIONSCANCERLAND USERESOURCESCONSUMPTIONTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGERURAL COMMUNITIESENVIRONMENTAL POLICYVALUESPOLICY MAKERSCPIDEMANDNATIONAL INCOMEAGGREGATE DEMANDSUSTAINABLE GROWTHENVIRONMENTSCOST BENEFIT ANALYSISDECISION MAKINGTAX RATESENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCEECONOMIC SITUATIONECONOMICSSECURITIESTERMS OF TRADEWASTE DISPOSALCAPITAL GOODSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTCARTELSPOLLUTERSTRADELANDECONOMIES OF SCALECOMMERCIAL BANKSPRODUCTION PLANNINGAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIESSULFUR DIOXIDELIVING CONDITIONSPOLICY INSTRUMENTSLABOR MARKETSDEMOGRAPHICSPRODUCTION COSTSECONOMIESCOMPETITIONPUBLIC GOODSTARIFFSCAPITAL MARKETSGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURESENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONMARKET DISTORTIONSPOLICY ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONFOREST MANAGEMENTPERVERSE INCENTIVESCARBONEXPECTATIONSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONPROPERTY RIGHTSBALANCE OF PAYMENTSRESOURCE ALLOCATIONEMISSIONSRIVER BASINSPOLITICAL ECONOMYSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENTINCENTIVESEQUILIBRIUMASYMMETRIC INFORMATIONTAX SYSTEMSEMPIRICAL STUDIESREAL WAGESFINANCIAL SUBSIDIESAGRICULTURAL OUTPUTDEVELOPED COUNTRIESRESOURCE USEFINANCIAL TRANSFERSFISCAL POLICIESCLIMATIC CONDITIONSARABLE LANDINPUT USENATURAL CAPITALPOPULATION GROWTHINDUSTRIAL WATEROPTIONSPOLLUTION LEVELSALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCYPOLLUTIONLAND RESOURCESECONOMIC POLICIESDIVIDENDSMETALSFISHINGEFFICIENCYFOOD PRODUCTIONACCESS TO INFORMATIONTAXESENTITLEMENTSGOVERNMENT SECURITIESUNEMPLOYMENTEQUITYDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITIONPOTENTIAL INVESTORSPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHECONOMIC IMPACTCLIMATE CHANGEWAGESECONOMIC BEHAVIORENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTCLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONSCOMPLIANCE COSTSPRODUCTION FUNCTIONSCREDITENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSQUALITY STANDARDSDEFORESTATIONPURCHASING POWERPATENTSMINESSUSTAINABLE USEPUBLIC EXPENDITURESINTERMEDIATE GOODSEXPENDITURESLOGGINGPROPERTYENVIRONMENTTRANSACTION COSTSMARKET COMPETITIONTAX REVENUELAND PRODUCTIVITYDRINKING WATERFARMSGLOBAL INTERESTWATER POLLUTIONWAGE DIFFERENTIALSEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEREVENUEPRIVATE CONSUMPTIONSCIENTIFIC RESEARCHRISK MANAGEMENTTAX REFORMEFFLUENTSENVIRONMENTALPROFITSPRICESOIL SECTORECONOMIC CONDITIONSPRODUCTION PROCESSESENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESReportWorld Bank10.1596/23954