World Bank2014-08-252014-08-252003-10https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19650This study, and the associated technical assistance project, has three main objectives. The first is to help localities in China address several questions related to the planning, and implementation of SO2 emissions, and acid rain control: What are the environmental consequences, specifically for localities of different pollution control strategies, in terms of the impacts on human health, agricultural productivity, and other sectors and activities? What are the relative costs of different sulfur emission reduction plans? Will the proposed strategies enable localities to meet the environmental targets set by the central government? The second objective is to assist with capacity building, and training in China. to enable cities and regions to carry out environmental, and economic analyses of sulfur emission impacts, and control programs. The third objective is to provide a forum for discussion with the central government, primarily the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), on the results of the case studies, and the implications for national policy with respect to sulfur control. This study analyzes China's national sulfur pollution control program, looking at local implementation plans, and actions for reducing sulfur emissions in two municipalities- Shijiazhuang and Changsha. The city of Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province was chosen for a case study on ambient SO2 pollution control, representing a northern Chinese city, while the tri-city region of Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan in Hunan Province, was chosen to represent a southern area experiencing serious levels of acid rain. The clear divide between northern and southern cities and regions, indicate that emission control efforts in the north will benefit from access to significant quantities of low sulfur coal, the lack of which in the south, will significantly increase the cost of sulfur emission control. Other findings suggest that gaining a better scientific understanding of the impacts of sulfur emissions, and improving estimates of the relative benefits of different control options, are two important pieces of information for leveraging local implementation efforts. While promoting policies with multiple benefits, is an effective way of cutting sulfur pollution without reliance on regulatory policies, or institutions.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT STRATEGIESACID DEPOSITIONACID RAINACIDIFICATIONACIDSAGGRAVATION OF ASTHMAAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAIRAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION CONTROLAIR POLLUTION PROBLEMSAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY PROBLEMSAIR QUALITY STANDARDSAMBIENT AIRAMBIENT AIR POLLUTIONAMBIENT AIR QUALITYAMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDSAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONSAMBIENT POLLUTIONATMOSPHERIC POLLUTIONBED COMBUSTIONBENEFIT ANALYSISCARBONCARBON MONOXIDECLEANER FUELSCLIMATECOCOALCOAL BURNINGCOAL CONSUMPTIONCOMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL ENERGYCOMPRESSED NATURAL GASCONCENTRATIONSCOSTS OF COMPLIANCEDECISION MAKINGDESULFURIZATIONECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIES OF SCALEEFFECTIVE STRATEGYEFFICIENT BUILDINGSELECTRIC POWERELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRYELECTRIC POWER SECTORELECTRICITYEMISSIONEMISSION ABATEMENTEMISSION CHARGESEMISSION CONTROLEMISSION CONTROL EQUIPMENTEMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIESEMISSION ESTIMATESEMISSION QUOTASEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTION TARGETEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION SOURCESEMISSIONS ABATEMENTENERGY CONSUMPTIONENERGY EFFICIENCYENVIRONMENT AGENCIESENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCHENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCESENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESENVIRONMENTAL TARGETSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINE PARTICULATE MATTERFINE PARTICULATESFLUE GASFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL MIXFUEL SUBSTITUTIONFUEL SWITCHINGFUELSGAS DESULFURIZATIONGAS TRANSMISSIONGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASHIGH SULFUR COALHUMAN HEALTHINDUSTRIAL BOILERSLAKESLEACHINGLEGISLATIONLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOW SULFUR COALMINESNATURAL ENVIRONMENTNATURAL GASNITRATESNITROGENNITROGEN OXIDESNOXNUTRIENTSPARTICULATE MATTERPARTICULATESPETROLEUM GASPHPM10POINT SOURCESPOLICY DECISIONSPOLICY INSTRUMENTSPOLLUTERSPOLLUTION CONTROLPOLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTPOLLUTION PREVENTIONPOLLUTION PROBLEMSPOLLUTION REGULATIONPOWER PLANTSPRECIPITATIONPRODUCTIVITYRESTRICTIONSSNOWSO2SOILSSOLID WASTESOXSULFATESULFATE PARTICLESSULFATESSULFURSULFUR DIOXIDESULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONSSULFUR EMISSIONSSULFURIC ACIDTHERMAL POWERTHERMAL POWER PLANTSTOTAL SULFURTRADABLE PERMITTRADABLE PERMIT SYSTEMURBAN AREASVOCVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS10.1596/19650