Yoshino, Yutaka2012-05-292012-05-292008-03https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6505Using firm-level data on manufacturing sectors in Africa, this paper addresses how domestic supply constraints and other firm characteristics explain the geographical orientation of firms' exports and the overall market diversification of African manufacturing exports. The degree of market diversification, measured by the number of export destinations, is highly correlated with export intensity at the firm level, and both embody strong scale effects. Technological factors, such as new vintage capital and Internet access, which improve production efficiency and lower export costs, show strong effects on the firm-level export intensity. Some qualitative differences exist between Africa's regional exports and exports to the global markets. Foreign ownership is a significant factor in characterizing the intensity of global exports but not regional exports. The technological factors are significant in both cases, but more so in global exports. Public infrastructure constraints, such as inferior power services and customs delays, seem to have more immediate impacts on regional exports in general, implying the relevance of addressing behind-the-border constraints in fostering regional integration in Africa. Customs efficiency does matter for textile exports to the global markets, underscoring the importance of improving trade facilitation in Africa for competitive participation of African producers in global supply chain industries.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO INFORMATIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAPPARELAPPAREL EXPORTSAPPAREL PRODUCTSBANK POLICYBILATERAL TRADEBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTBUSINESS ENVIRONMENTSCAPITAL INCREASECAPITAL STOCKCOMMODITY PRICESCOMPANYCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGECOMPETITIVENESSCONSUMER PRICECONSUMERSCUSTOMS CLEARANCEDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT STRATEGYDIVERSIFICATIONDIVERSIFIED MARKETSDOMESTIC INDUSTRIESDOMESTIC MARKETDOMESTIC MARKETSECONOMETRIC ANALYSESECONOMETRIC MODELSECONOMETRICSECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC RESEARCHECONOMIC RESOURCESECONOMIC SURVEYSECONOMIES OF SCALEELASTICITYELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTIONEMPLOYMENTENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENTEQUIPMENTEXCHANGE RATEEXPENDITUREEXPORT COMPETITIVENESSEXPORT COSTSEXPORT DIVERSIFICATIONEXPORT GROWTHEXPORT INTENSITYEXPORT MARKETEXPORT MARKETSEXPORT ORIENTATIONEXPORT PERFORMANCEEXPORT PROCESSINGEXPORT PROCESSING ZONESEXPORT RATIOEXPORT STRUCTUREEXPORTEREXPORTERSEXPORTSEXTERNAL TRADEFACTOR MARKETSFACTOR PRICEFIRM SIZEFIRMSFIXED COSTSFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN INVESTORSFOREIGN MARKETSFOREIGN OWNERSHIPFOREIGN TECHNOLOGIESFOREIGN TRADEGDPGLOBAL ECONOMYGLOBAL EXPORTSGLOBAL MARKETGLOBAL MARKETSGROWTH RATEIMPACT OF TRADEINCOMEINDUSTRY TRADEINEFFICIENCYINSTRUMENTINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICSINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVESTMENT CLIMATEMANUFACTURERSMANUFACTURING ENTERPRISESMARGINAL COSTMARGINAL EFFECTSMARKET DIVERSIFICATIONMARKET ENTRYMARKET ENTRY COSTSMARKET ORIENTATIONMARKET SIZEMARKET STRUCTUREMARKET STRUCTURESMARKETINGMICRO-DATAMONOPOLISTIC COMPETITIONMULTINATIONALMULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONSNETWORK EXTERNALITYPARENT COMPANIESPOSITIVE COEFFICIENTPOSITIVE COEFFICIENTSPOSITIVE EFFECTSPREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESSPREFERENTIAL TARIFFPRICE INDEXPRODUCER PRICEPRODUCT QUALITYPRODUCTION EFFICIENCYPRODUCTIVITYPROFIT MAXIMIZATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL TRADERETAILINGRETURNSCALE EFFECTSCALE EFFECTSSHAREHOLDERSSIZE OF FIRMSIZE OF FIRMSSPECIALIZATIONSUB-SAHARAN AFRICASUNK COSTSSUPPLIERSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAINSTAXTAX EXEMPTIONTELEPHONE LINETOTAL REVENUETOTAL SALESTRADE COSTSTRADE FACILITATIONTRADE LOGISTICSTRADE OPPORTUNITIESTRADE PARTNERSTRADE PATTERNSTRADE POLICIESTRADE PREFERENCESTRADINGTRADING COSTTRADING COSTSTURNOVERUTILITY FUNCTIONUTILITY MAXIMIZATIONVALUE ADDEDWAGESWESTERN EUROPEWORLD TRADEWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONWTOWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4575