World Bank2025-10-202025-10-202025-10-13https://hdl.handle.net/10986/43870Indonesia’s housing sector stands at the front line of a changing climate. The country is highly vulnerable to rising heat, intense rainfall, sea-level rise, and seismic events. Located along the Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia faces some of the highest seismic risks in the world, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity threatening housing stability and safety. Affordable housing, long a priority in Indonesia’s development agenda, is being positioned by the Government to advance the country’s green goals while protecting vulnerable populations. Floods and earthquakes pose serious threats to both lives and housing assets in Indonesia’s low-income communities. Enabling a green transformation in the housing sector requires strengthening the implementation of Indonesia’s BGH certification system. Among mitigation strategies for the affordable housing sector, rooftop solar photovoltaics (RSPV) present a potential opportunity worth exploring and piloting. Finally, achieving scale demands financial incentives that make green construction viable for both developers and households. Indonesia’s transition to climate-resilient, low-carbon housing is both urgent and within reach.en-USCC BY-NC 3.0 IGOHOUSINGCLIMATE CHANGERISING HEATRAINFALLVOLCANIC ACTIVITYEARTHQUAKESLOW INCOME COMMUNITIESGREENHOUSE GASReportWorld Bank10.1596/43870