de la Brière, BénédicteRawlings, Laura B.2014-09-172014-09-172006-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/20204Conditional Cash Transfer programs (CCTs) provide money to poor families contingent upon certain verifiable actions, generally minimum investments in children s human capital such as regular school attendance or basic preventative health care. They therefore hold promise for addressing the inter-generational transmission of poverty and fostering social inclusion by explicitly targeting the poor, focusing on children, delivering transfers to women, and changing social accountability relationships between beneficiaries, service providers and governments. CCT programs are at the forefront of applying new social policy theories and program administration practices. They address demand-side barriers, have a synergistic focus on investments in health, education and nutrition, and combine short-term transfers for income support with incentives for long-run investments in human capital. They also are public sector leaders in program administration, using modern targeting, registering, and monitoring systems along with strategic evaluations. Their impact depends on the supply of quality, accessible health and education services and may increase with strengthened links to the labor market, and a greater focus on early childhood and transient support to households facing shocks. CCT programs are facing a number of challenges as they evolve, from reaching vulnerable groups to fostering transparency and accountability, especially at the community level. Centralized programs have been criticized for limiting the engagement of local governments and civil society and it is clear that in limited capacity environments, a greater reliance on communities is warranted. In sum, though promising, these programs are not a panacea against social exclusion and should form part of comprehensive social and economic policy strategies and be applied carefully in different policy contexts.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOADMINISTRATIVE COSTSADOLESCENTSADULT EDUCATIONAGINGASSISTANCE PROGRAMSBENEFICIARIESBENEFICIARYCASH BENEFITSCASH GRANTCASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCHILD CARECHILD DEVELOPMENTCHILD LABORCHILDBEARINGCITIZENSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCONDITIONAL CASHCONFLICTCONTRACEPTIVE USECOST-EFFECTIVENESSDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONSDISABILITYDISCRIMINATIONDOMESTIC VIOLENCEDROPOUTEARLY CHILDHOODECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC POLICIESEDUCATION GRANTEDUCATION GRANTSEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTELDERLYELIGIBILITY CRITERIAELIGIBLE BENEFICIARIESEXPOSURE TO PREGNANCYEXTENDED FAMILIESEXTREME POOR HOUSEHOLDSEXTREME POVERTYEXTREME POVERTY LINEFEE WAIVERSFEMALE PARTICIPATIONFERTILITYFINANCIAL CAPACITYFISCAL CONSTRAINTSFOOD CONSUMPTIONFOOD EXPENDITURESFOOD STAMPSFOOD TRANSFERFORMAL EMPLOYMENTGENDER DIMENSIONSGENDER DISCRIMINATIONGENDER ISSUESGENERAL PRACTITIONERSGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF POVERTYGIRLS IN SCHOOLHEALTH CAREHEALTH CENTERHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EDUCATIONHEALTH INSURANCEHEIGHT FOR AGEHIGH INEQUALITYHIGHER INEQUALITYHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTIONHOUSEHOLD ELIGIBILITYHOUSEHOLD HEADHOUSEHOLD LEVELHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTILLNESSIMPACT ON FERTILITYIMPROVEMENTS IN MANAGEMENTINCOMEINCOME SUPPORTINCOME TRANSFERINDIGENOUS PEOPLEINDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDSINEQUALITYINFORMAL INSURANCEINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYINSURANCE SCHEMESINSURANCE SYSTEMSINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICYINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITYLABOR FORCELABOR MARKETLABOR MARKET POLICIESLACK OF INFORMATIONLEVELS OF CONSUMPTIONLIMITED CAPACITYLIVING STANDARDSLOCAL AUTHORITIESLOCAL ECONOMYLOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOW-INCOME COUNTRIESLOW-INCOME SETTINGSMALNOURISHED CHILDRENMALNUTRITIONMARKET FAILURESMEANS TESTMEANS TESTSMICRO CREDITMICRO-CREDITMICRO-ENTERPRISEMIGRATIONMODERNIZATIONMOTHERNATIONAL EFFORTSNATIONAL GOVERNMENTNATURAL DISASTERSNEEDY FAMILIESNEW DEALNUTRITION GRANTNUTRITION GRANTSPARENTINGPENSIONPENSIONSPERSONS WITH DISABILITIESPOLICY LEVELPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOLITICAL SUPPORTPOORPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR FAMILIESPOOR HOUSEHOLDSPOOR LIVINGPOOR PEOPLEPOOR POPULATIONSPOVERTY ALLEVIATIONPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY LINEPOVERTY MAPSPOVERTY PROGRAMSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPREVENTATIVE HEALTHPREVENTIVE HEALTHPRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHOOL AGEPROTECTION POLICIESPROTECTION SYSTEMSPUBLIC SAFETY NETSPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC TRANSFERSPUBLIC WORKSQUALITY CONTROLREPRODUCTIVE HEALTHRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESPECTRISK MANAGEMENTRISK-COPINGROLE OF WOMENRURALRURAL AREASRURAL DEVELOPMENTRURAL HOUSEHOLDSSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSANITATIONSAVINGSSCHOOL ATTENDANCESCHOOL CHILDRENSCHOOL COMPLETIONSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSCHOOL FEESSCHOOL MATERIALSSCHOOL STUDENTSSCHOOL SUBSIDIESSCHOOL SUPPLIESSECONDARY SCHOOLSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE PROVISIONSHOCKSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL FUNDSSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMSSOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL PENSIONSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROGRAMSOCIAL PROGRAMSSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL RISKSSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSOCIAL SERVICESOCIAL SERVICESSOCIAL WORKERTARGETED TRANSFERSTARGETINGTARGETING MECHANISMSTEACHING MATERIALSTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSTEMPORARY ASSISTANCETRANSACTION COSTSTRANSFER PROGRAMTRANSITION ECONOMIESTRANSPORTATIONUNEMPLOYMENTUNINSURED RISKSURBAN AREASVIOLENCEVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE CHILDRENVULNERABLE GROUPVULNERABLE GROUPSWELFARE REFORMWORK REQUIREMENTYOUNG CHILDREN10.1596/20204