Kruk, C. BertDonner, Michel Luc2014-03-282014-03-282008-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17450Without transport there is no economic development and, in a reciprocal conclusion, the more efficient transport is, the better is the development. Bearing in mind that more than 90 percent of the world trade in tons per year is transported by sea and against the background of increasing ship sizes (especially in the container trade) and continuously growing globalization, the requirements for adequate and secure port facilities and the resulting logistics challenges are accelerating worldwide. The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS code) is a comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities and came into force on the July 1, 2004. The ISPS code is implemented through chapter XI-2 special measures to enhance maritime security in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The code has two parts, one mandatory (part A) and one recommendatory (part B). Compliance is mandatory for the 148 contracting parties to SOLAS; detailed implementation of the code is a matter for the individual national governments. The introduction of the ISPS Code has led to many questions and misunderstandings. The code does not, as will have been useful, prescribe in exact terms and data what port facility and port managers have to do or provide to ensure that they are compliant. Part A of the ISPS code actually is a type of questionnaire that asks questions about security items, but then stops short of giving exact and uniform instructions as to how the specific measures can be established. A simple example is the fencing of the port facility. The ISPS code describes that the port facility has to be fenced adequately so as to prevent illegal intruders from entering the facility. But the code does not describe the type of fence, its height and so on. This has led to situations in which a port authority considered its fence adequate, but found out later that other entities, such as security consultants or the United States (US) Coast Guard, did not fully agree with this, and sometimes even not at all. The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) has made an attempt to translate the ISPS Code in a type of handbook, but the result in fact was another questionnaire.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS CONTROLADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMBASICBERTHBERTHSBOATSBOTTLENECKSBULK CARGOBULK CONTAINERBULK HANDLINGCARCARGO CONTROLCARGO HANDLINGCARGO HANDLING OPERATIONSCARGO SHIPSCARGOESCARSCERTIFICATECERTIFICATESCHANNELSCODESCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTCOMMUNICATION FACILITIESCOMPANY SECURITY OFFICERSCOMPETITIVENESSCOMPLIANT PORTSCOMPONENTSCOMPUTERSCONFIDENTIALITYCONTACT POINTSCONTAINER SECURITYCONTAINER SHIPPINGCONTAINER TERMINALCONTAINER THROUGHPUTCONTROL SYSTEMCONTROL SYSTEMSCRIMECUSTOMSDIESELDRY BULKE-MAILECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTEFFICIENT TRANSPORTEMPTY CONTAINERSENGINEERINGFACILITY SECURITY PLANSFERRYFINANCIAL SUPPORTFIXED COSTSFOREIGN TRADEFREE ZONESFREIGHTFREIGHT FORWARDERSFREIGHT TRANSPORTFUELGLOBALIZATIONGOVERNMENT ENTITYGOVERNMENT POLICYHARDWAREHELP DESKIDIMOIMPLEMENTATION PROCESSINCOME TAXINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINSTALLATIONINSTALLATIONSINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKINTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTINTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATIONINTERNATIONAL SHIPINTERNATIONAL STANDARDINTERNATIONAL TRADEINVENTORYISPSLANDLOCKED COUNTRIESLEVEL OF SAFETYLEVEL OF SECURITYLIGHTINGLIQUID BULK CARGOESMAINTENANCE COSTSMANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT SYSTEMSMANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIESMARITIME ADMINISTRATIONMARITIME AFFAIRSMARITIME AUTHORITIESMARITIME AUTHORITYMARITIME SAFETYMARITIME SECURITYMARITIME TRADEMARITIME TRANSPORTMARITIME TRANSPORT SECURITYMARKET SHARESMARKETINGMARKETING STRATEGIESMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTNATIONAL PORT AUTHORITYNATIONAL PORT SECURITYNATIONAL SECURITYNETWORKSPASSENGERPASSENGER SERVICESPASSENGER TRAFFICPASSENGERSPHYSICAL SECURITYPOLICEPORT ADMINISTRATIONPORT AREAPORT AREASPORT AUTHORITIESPORT AUTHORITYPORT AUTHORITY STAFFPORT COMMUNITYPORT FACILITIESPORT FACILITYPORT FACILITY SECURITYPORT FACILITY SECURITY ASSESSMENTPORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICERPORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICERSPORT FACILITY SECURITY PLANPORT FACILITY SECURITY PLANSPORT MANAGEMENTPORT MANAGERSPORT OPERATIONSPORT OPERATORPORT SECURITY COMMITTEEPORT SECURITY OFFICERPORT SECURITY PLANPORT SECURITY PLANSPORT SERVICESPORT STATEPORT STATE CONTROLPORT USERSPORTSPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIESPRIVATE TRANSPORTPROFIT MARGINSPUBLIC WORKSRADIORAILRESTRICTED AREASRESTRICTIONSRESULTRESULTSRISK ASSESSMENTRISK MANAGEMENTROADRURAL INFRASTRUCTURESAFETY OF LIFESAFETY OF LIFE AT SEASATELLITESCANNERSSCANNINGSEA AREASEAFARERSSEARCHSECURITY ASSESSMENTSSECURITY AWARENESSSECURITY BREACHSECURITY CHARGESECURITY CHECKSSECURITY CODESECURITY COMMITTEESECURITY CONSULTANTSSECURITY COSTSSECURITY DUTIESSECURITY EQUIPMENTSECURITY GUARDSSECURITY INSPECTIONSSECURITY LEVELSECURITY LEVELSSECURITY MANAGERSECURITY MEASURESSECURITY OF SHIPSSECURITY PERSONNELSECURITY PLANSECURITY PLANSSECURITY PROCEDURESSECURITY REGULATIONSSECURITY REQUIREMENTSSECURITY SERVICESSECURITY STAFFSECURITY STANDARDSECURITY SYSTEMSECURITY TRAININGSHIPSHIP SECURITYSHIP SECURITY OFFICERSSHIPPINGSHIPPING COMPANIESSHIPPING LINESSHIPS IN PORTSMALLER PORTSSTANDARDIZATIONSTEVEDORESSTEVEDORINGSTORAGE FACILITIESSUPPLY CHAINSUPPLY CHAINSTAXTELECOMMUNICATIONSTELEPHONETERMINAL OPERATORSTERMINALSTERRORISMTERRORISTTERRORIST THREATSTEUTHEFTTHREATTIMBERTOTAL TONNAGETOTAL TONNAGE OF CARGOTRAFFICTRAFFIC VOLUMESTRAINING COURSESTRANSITTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT OPERATORSTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SECURITYUNAUTHORIZED ACCESSUSERUSERSVIDEOWORLD TRADE10.1596/17450