Ribe, HelenaRobalino, David A.Walker, Ian2012-03-192012-03-192010978-0-8213-8398-8https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2479Slow progress in improving the coverage of Latin America and the Caribbean's (LAC's) traditional social protection (SP) programs, combined with the deepening of democracy, have led to calls for a new social contract to provide effective social protection to all citizens. This book highlights the main findings of a regional study by the World Bank, from right to reality: how Latin America and the Caribbean can achieve universal social protection by improving redistribution and adapting programs to labor markets. The report analyzes LAC's social insurance (SI) systems and highlights growing concerns about the incentives they may create and the behaviors they may incite on the part of workers, employers and service providers. It offers an economic analysis of the roots of these problems and suggests a way forward to achieve universal coverage in an equitable manner. The report argues that a coherent overall vision for the SP system should be established if such problems are to be understood and resolved. The goal is to turn the theoretical right to social protection, which is enshrined in many of the region's constitutions and laws, into a reality for all of LAC's population. A central message of the report is that SP systems need to respond to the realities of LAC's labor markets, especially the prevalence of informality and frequent changes of employment.CC BY 3.0 IGOABSOLUTE POVERTYACTIVE LABORACTIVE LABOR MARKETACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIESACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMSADMINISTRATIVE COSTSANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMSANTIPOVERTY PROGRAMSASSISTANCE PROGRAMSATTENDANCE RATESBENEFICIARIESBENEFICIARYBENEFIT LEVELSBENEFIT SYSTEMSCASH TRANSFERCASH TRANSFER PROGRAMSCASH TRANSFERSCHILD BENEFITSCLINICSCONDITIONAL CASHCONSUMPTION SMOOTHINGCONTRIBUTION RATECONTRIBUTORY PENSIONCONTRIBUTORY PENSIONSCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCECOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTERCOVARIATE SHOCKSCRISESDEMOCRACYDISABILITY BENEFITSDISABILITY PENSIONDISABILITY PENSIONSDISPLACEMENTDISPLACEMENT EFFECTDISTORTED INCENTIVESEARLY RETIREMENTECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC ASSISTANCEECONOMIC COSTSECONOMIC CRISISECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTECONOMIC PERFORMANCEECONOMIC SLOWDOWNECONOMIC VULNERABILITYEDUCATION PROGRAMSEMPLOYABILITYEMPLOYEEEMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONSEMPLOYMENT GROWTHEMPLOYMENT LEVELSEMPLOYMENT SERVICESFAMILY ALLOWANCEFAMILY ALLOWANCESFINANCIAL CRISISFINANCIAL PROTECTIONFORMAL EMPLOYMENTFORMAL SECTOR WORKERSGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTHEALTH CAREHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH FINANCINGHEALTH INSURANCEHEALTH PROGRAMSHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHOSPITALSHOUSEHOLD INCOMEHOUSEHOLD SURVEYHOUSEHOLD SURVEYSHUMAN CAPITALHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENTHUMAN DEVELOPMENTIDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKSINCOMEINCOME DISTRIBUTIONINCOME SECURITYINCOME SUPPORTINCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMSINCOME TRANSFERINCOME TRANSFERSINEQUALITYINFORMAL SECTORINFORMAL SECTOR WORKERSINNOVATIONSINSURANCE ACCESSINSURANCE SYSTEMSINTERVENTIONJOB LOSSJOB SEARCHJOBSLABOR CONTRACTLABOR FORCELABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONLABOR MARKET DEMANDLABOR MARKET POLICIESLABOR MARKET PROGRAMSLABOR MARKETSLABOR MOBILITYLABOR PRODUCTIVITYLABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTHLABOR SUPPLYLAWSLIMITED ACCESSLONGTERM UNEMPLOYMENTMANDATORY CONTRIBUTIONSMARGINAL TAX RATEMARKET RISKMINIMUM INCOMEMORAL HAZARDNEEDY FAMILIESNUTRITIONOLD AGEOLDER PEOPLEPAID WORKERSPAYROLL TAXPAYROLL TAXESPENSION REFORMSPENSION SYSTEMPENSION SYSTEMSPENSIONSPERMANENT EMPLOYMENTPOLITICAL ECONOMYPOORPOVERTY LEVELPOVERTY LEVELSPOVERTY REDUCTIONPOWER PARITYPRESENT VALUEPRICE SUBSIDIESPRIVATE SECTORPRIVATE SECTOR WORKERSPRODUCTION UNITSPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHPROGRAM CONDITIONALPROGRAM COSTSPROGRAM COVERAGEPROTECTION POLICIESPROTECTION SYSTEMPROTECTION SYSTEMSPUBLIC PROVIDERPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC WELFAREPUBLIC WORKSPUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMSPURCHASING POWERRATE OF RETURNRETIREMENTRETIREMENT AGERETIREMENT BENEFITSRISK MANAGEMENTRISK POOLINGRISK-POOLINGSAFETYSAFETY NETSAFETY NET PROGRAMSSAFETY NETSSALARIED WORKERSSAVINGSSAVINGS ACCOUNTSSCHOOL ENROLLMENTSERVANTSSERVICE PROVIDERSSERVICE QUALITYSEVERANCE PAYSKILLS DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL ASSISTANCESOCIAL BENEFITSSOCIAL CONTRACTSOCIAL INCLUSIONSOCIAL INSURANCESOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMSSOCIAL PENSIONSSOCIAL POLICYSOCIAL PROTECTIONSOCIAL SAFETY NETSOCIAL SAFETY NETSSOCIAL SECURITYSTRUCTURAL REFORMSTARGETED TRANSFERSTARGETINGTAXATIONTEMPORARY ASSISTANCETEMPORARY SHOCKSTOTAL WAGETRAINING PROGRAMTRAINING PROGRAMSTRAINING PROVIDERSTRANSFER PROGRAMTRANSFER PROGRAMSTRANSFER SYSTEMSUNEMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED WORKERSUNEMPLOYMENTUNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCEUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT SYSTEMSUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCEUNEMPLOYMENT LEVELSUNFUNDED LIABILITIESUNSKILLED WORKERSVULNERABLE GROUPSWAGESWORK REFORMSWORK REQUIREMENTSWORKERWORKFAREWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-8398-8