Rogers, John A.2014-04-072014-04-072011-06https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17658Although urbanization is frequently cited as a major cause of greenhouse gas and local air pollution emissions growth, it could be better understood as one of the crucial links between climate and development. Urbanization is a major driver of development, and once in cities, people tend to increase their mobility dramatically, driving an increase in greenhouse gas and other emissions from transport. The demand for transport is not limited only to urban environments. As each economy becomes richer, its demand for passenger and freight mobility increases. This increase in car usage coupled with a tendency to have a lower number of passengers per car, has been sufficient to offset the improvements gained in vehicle fuel efficiency. The increasing transport demand, if not accompanied by adequate growth in infrastructure and facilities, leads to rising congestion, time loss, and air quality deterioration that can stifle economic growth and quality of life. Finding the delicate balance of policy options to achieve long-term improvements in on-road transport and reduce the impact of its externalities is critical and needs to be tailored to each locale. This requires measurements both to design the interventions and evaluate their impacts. This transport activity measurement toolkit (TAMT) has been developed specifically to simplify this measurement process by providing standardized software, data collection forms, and a consistent standardized methodology.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOACCESSIBILITYAIRAIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTAIR TRAFFICAIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSAIRPORTAIRPORT INFRASTRUCTUREAIRPORTSAMBIENT TEMPERATURESAMMONIAATMOSPHEREAVERAGE CAR OWNERSHIPAVERAGE SPEEDSAVERAGE TRAVEL TIMEAVERAGE TRIP LENGTHBENZENEBIKE LANESBIKE PATHSBORDER TRAFFICBRIDGEBUSBUSESCALCULATIONCARCAR OWNERSHIPCAR USAGECARBONCARBON COMPOUNDSCARBON CONTENTCARBON DIOXIDECARBON MASSCARBON MONOXIDECARSCH4CLASSES OF VEHICLESCLEAN AIRCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COMBUSTIONCOMMERCIAL AVIATIONCOMMERCIAL VEHICLESCONGESTIONCROSSINGSDEMAND FOR TRANSPORTDIESELDRIVERSDRIVINGDRIVING CONDITIONSDUSTEMISSIONEMISSION CONTROLEMISSION FACTOREMISSION FACTORSEMISSION MODELSEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION REDUCTIONSEMISSION STANDARDSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS DATAEMISSIONS FACTORSEMISSIONS FROM ROADEMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRANSPORTEMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTEMISSIONS GROWTHEMISSIONS INVENTORIESEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS STANDARDSEMISSIONS TECHNOLOGYENERGY CONSUMPTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYEXHAUST EMISSIONSEXPRESSWAYSEXTERNALITIESFLOW OF VEHICLESFORMALDEHYDEFOSSIL FUELFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGEFREIGHTFREIGHT ACTIVITYFREIGHT MOBILITYFREIGHT MOVEMENTFREIGHT TRANSPORTFREIGHT TRAVELFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL ECONOMYFUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDSFUEL TYPEFUEL USEFUEL-EFFICIENT VEHICLESFUELSGASOLINEGHGGLOBAL EMISSIONSGLOBAL WARMINGGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTGREENHOUSE GASESHCHEAVY DUTY VEHICLESHEAVY RAILHIGH-SPEED RAILHIGHWAYHIGHWAY CONSTRUCTIONHIGHWAYSHYDROCARBONSINSPECTIONINTERNATIONAL AVIATIONIPCCJOURNEYLAND USELIGHT RAILLIGHT TRUCKSLOCAL AIR POLLUTANTSLOCAL AIR POLLUTIONLOCAL AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONSLOCAL AIR QUALITYLOCAL ROADSLONG-DISTANCELONGER DISTANCESMARGINAL ABATEMENTMARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTMARITIME TRANSPORTMETHANEMILEAGEMOBILITYMODAL CHOICEMODAL SHAREMODAL SHARESMOTOR VEHICLEMOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONSMOTOR VEHICLESNATURAL GASNITROGENNOXOXIDESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPASSENGER MOBILITYPASSENGER TRANSPORTPASSENGER TRAVELPASSENGER TRIPSPASSENGER VEHICLESPASSENGERSPASSENGERS PER VEHICLEPEDESTRIANPEDESTRIAN ZONESPOLICEPOLLUTANT EMISSIONSPRIVATE VEHICLEPUBLIC TRANSPORTRAILRAIL LINKSRAIL TRANSPORTRAPID TRANSITROADROAD CROSSINGSROAD LINKSROAD NETWORKROAD SPACEROAD SYSTEMROAD TRANSPORTROAD TRANSPORT EMISSIONSROAD TYPEROAD VEHICLESROADSROADWAYROUTEROUTESRURAL TRANSPORTSHORT-SEA SHIPPINGSOXSTREETSSULFATESSULPHURTAILPIPE EMISSIONTEMPERATURETIRESTOTAL EMISSIONSTOXICSTRAFFICTRAFFIC DEMANDTRAFFIC FLOWTRAFFIC FLOWSTRAFFIC LIGHTTRAFFIC MANAGEMENTTRAFFIC SPEEDTRAFFIC SPEEDSTRAMTRANSPARENCYTRANSPORTTRANSPORT ACTIVITYTRANSPORT DEMANDTRANSPORT EMISSIONSTRANSPORT ENERGY USETRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT PLANNINGTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRAVEL ACTIVITYTRAVEL TIMETRIPTRIP DISTANCETRIP LENGTHTRIP LENGTHSTRIPSTRIPS PER DAYTRUCKSTRUETUNNELSTURBULENCETYPE OF TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORTVEHICLEVEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONVEHICLE DRIVINGVEHICLE EMISSIONVEHICLE EXHAUSTVEHICLE FLEETVEHICLE FLEETSVEHICLE FLOWVEHICLE FLOWSVEHICLE FUELVEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTIONVEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCYVEHICLE KILOMETERSVEHICLE MOVEMENTVEHICLE OCCUPANCYVEHICLE OWNERSVEHICLE OWNERSHIPVEHICLE REGISTRATIONVEHICLE SPEEDVEHICLE TRAVELVEHICLE TYPESVEHICLE USAGEVEHICLE-KILOMETERSVEHICLES PER HOURVOCWALKING10.1596/17658