Gauthier, BernardWane, Waly2012-06-062012-06-062007-09https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7301In the public sector in developing countries, leakage of public resources could prove detrimental to users and affect the well-being of the population. This paper empirically examines the importance of leakage of government resources in the health sector in Chad, and its effects on the prices of drugs. The analysis uses data collected in Chad as part of a Health Facilities Survey organized by the World Bank in 2004. The survey covered 281 primary health care centers and contained information on the provision of medical material, financial resources, and medicines allocated by the Ministry of Health to the regional administration and primary health centers. Although the regional administration is officially allocated 60 percent of the ministry's non-wage recurrent expenditures, the share of the resources that actually reach the regions is estimated to be only 18 percent. The health centers, which are the frontline providers and the entry point for the population, receive less than 1 percent of the ministry's non-wage recurrent expenditures. Accounting for the endogeneity of the level of competition among health centers, the leakage of government resources has a significant and negative impact on the price mark-up that health centers charge patients for drugs.CC BY 3.0 IGOACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESACCOUNTABILITYACCOUNTINGADULT ILLITERACYALLOCATING PUBLIC RESOURCESALLOCATION OF RESOURCESAMBULANCEBEDSBENEFICIARIESBUDGET DOESBUDGET INFORMATIONBUDGET STRUCTUREBUDGETARY ALLOCATIONSBUDGETARY EXPENDITURESBUDGETARY RESOURCESCAPITAL EXPENDITURESCAPITAL INVESTMENTSCENTRAL BUDGETCENTRAL GOVERNMENTCENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGETCHILD MORTALITYCHILD MORTALITY RATECIVIL WARCLINICSCROWDINGDATA COLLECTIONDEATHSDELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICESDELIVERY SYSTEMDEMAND FOR HEALTHDEMAND FOR HEALTH CAREDEMOCRACYDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDOCTORSDRUGSECONOMIC POLICYECONOMIC REVIEWECONOMIES OF SCALEELASTICITY OF DEMANDELASTICITY OF DEMAND FOR HEALTH CAREETHNIC GROUPSEXPENDITURE LEVELEXPENDITURESEXPENDITURES ON HEALTHFINANCIAL INFORMATIONFINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL SUPPORTGLOBAL DEVELOPMENTGOVERNMENT SPENDINGHEALTH ADMINISTRATIONHEALTH CARE CENTERSHEALTH CARE PROVIDERSHEALTH CENTERSHEALTH EXPENDITUREHEALTH EXPENDITURE PER CAPITAHEALTH EXPENDITURESHEALTH FACILITIESHEALTH IMPACTHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH POLICIESHEALTH POLICYHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROVIDERSHEALTH RESOURCESHEALTH SECTORHEALTH SERVICEHEALTH SERVICE PROVIDERSHEALTH SERVICE PROVISIONHEALTH SERVICESHEALTH STATUSHEALTH SYSTEMHEALTH SYSTEMSHEALTH WORKERSHOSPITALHOSPITALSHUMAN DEVELOPMENTHUMAN POVERTYHUMAN RESOURCESILLITERACY RATEIMPACT ON HEALTHINDIVIDUAL HEALTHINFECTIOUS DISEASESINFORMATION SYSTEMSINTENDED BENEFICIARIESINVESTMENT BUDGETLABOR FORCELIFE EXPECTANCYLIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTHLIVE BIRTHSLOCAL CAPACITYLOCAL HEALTH CENTERSMALARIAMARGINAL EFFECTSMATERIAL RESOURCESMEDICAL COSTSMEDICAL PRODUCTSMEDICINESMIDWIVESMINISTRY OF HEALTHMISMANAGEMENTMORTALITYMOTHERNATIONAL BUDGETNATIONAL HEALTHNATIONAL HEALTH POLICIESNURSESOPERATING EXPENDITURESPATIENTPATIENTSPERSONNEL EXPENDITURESPHARMACIESPHARMACYPOLICY RESEARCHPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERPOLITICAL INSTABILITYPOOR PEOPLEPOVERTY REDUCTIONPRICE DATAPRICE ELASTICITYPRIMARY CAREPRIMARY HEALTH CAREPRIVATE CLINICSPRIVATE PROVIDERSPRIVATE SECTORPROBABILITYPROGRESSPUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPUBLIC EXPENDITUREPUBLIC EXPENDITURE SYSTEMPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH CAREPUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURESPUBLIC HEALTH SPENDINGPUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEMSPUBLIC MANAGEMENTPUBLIC RESOURCESPUBLIC SECTORPUBLIC SERVICESPUBLIC SPENDINGPUBLIC SUPPORTPUBLIC WORKSQUANTITATIVE SERVICE DELIVERYRECURRENT EXPENDITURESREGIONAL ADMINISTRATIONRESOURCE ALLOCATIONRESOURCE USERESPECTRURAL AREASSANITARY FACILITIESSERVICE ACCESSIBILITYSERVICE DELIVERYSERVICE FACILITIESSERVICE QUALITYSOCIAL INDICATORSSOCIAL SCIENCESOCIAL SECTORSSUB-SAHARAN AFRICATRANSPORTATIONURBAN AREASURBAN CENTERSUSER FEESVACCINESWORKERSWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-4351