World Bank2012-06-132012-06-132007-04https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7930This paper has been prepared in accordance with the terms of reference for a study on power system planning in India: incorporating externality costs and benefits. It reviews estimates of the external costs of power in international studies as well as in India and compares the figures available. It also comments on the validity of the external cost estimates available and the use made of them in power system planning and regulation both outside and inside India. The structure is as follows. Section two reviews the external cost estimates of electricity generation in the European Union (EU), and other countries. It also reports some recent work on the external costs associated with transmission. Some comments for the range of estimates are offered. Section three reviews a few studies on external costs for India and compares those with the international estimates. Section four discusses the use made of external cost data in power system planning and regulation both internationally and in India and makes some recommendations for possible reforms in the Indian case. Section five reviews the Indian and international estimates of external costs of hydro and section six does the same for resettlement and rehabilitation (RR) costs. Section seven offers some conclusions.CC BY 3.0 IGOACIDACID DEPOSITIONACIDIFICATIONAFFORESTATIONAIRAIR EMISSIONSAIR POLLUTANTSAIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION CONTROLAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY REGULATIONSALTITUDEAMAZONIAN DEFORESTATIONAMAZONIAN RAINFORESTAMBIENT AIRAMBIENT AIR QUALITYAMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDSAPPROACHASHASH DISPOSALATMOSPHERIC GASESAVAILABILITYBALANCEBARLEYBED COMBUSTIONBENEFIT ANALYSISBENEFIT COST ANALYSISBENZENEBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATIONBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBIOMASSBUFFER AREASCALCULATIONCANCERCARBONCARBON BUDGETCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON SEQUESTRATIONCARBON STORAGECARBON STORAGE IN TROPICAL FORESTSCARBON VALUESCATALYTIC REDUCTIONCH4CHEMICAL OXIDATIONCLEAN COALCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COALCOAL PLANTCOAL PLANTSCOMBUSTIONCONSERVATION AREASCONTINGENT VALUATIONCONTINGENT VALUATION METHODCOST BENEFIT ANALYSISCOST EFFECTIVENESSCOST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSISCOSTS OF ELECTRICITYDECISION MAKINGDEFORESTATIONDENSE FORESTDEVELOPED COUNTRIESDIESELDISPERSION MODELINGDOMESTIC COALECOLOGICAL ECONOMICSECONOMIC ANALYSISECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC INSTRUMENTSECONOMIC VALUEELECTRIC ENERGYELECTRIC POWERELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMISSIONEMISSION CEILINGSEMISSIONSEMISSIONS CAPSEMISSIONS REGULATIONSEMISSIONS STANDARDSEMPLOYMENTENERGY CROPSENERGY DEMANDENERGY POLICYENERGY SOURCEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCESENVIRONMENTAL COSTSENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGESENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATIONENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICSENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMISTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTAL QUALITYENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONSESPEXISTENCE VALUESEXTERNAL COSTSFINANCIAL RESOURCESFISHERIESFISHERIES MANAGEMENTFLUE GASFLUE GASESFORESTFOREST CONSERVATIONFOREST ECOSYSTEMFOREST ECOSYSTEMSFOREST LANDFOREST LANDSFOREST LOSSESFOREST MANAGEMENTFOREST PRODUCTSFOREST RESERVEFOREST RESIDUESFOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENTFOREST RESOURCESFOREST SECTORFOREST TYPEFOREST USEFORESTRYFORESTRY SECTORFORESTSFOSSILFOSSIL FUELFOSSIL FUEL POWERFOSSIL FUELSFUEL CYCLEFUEL TYPEGASGENERATION CAPACITYGENERATION OF ELECTRICITYGREEN ACCOUNTINGGROUND LEVEL OZONEHARMFUL EMISSIONSHAZARDOUS WASTEHEATHEDONIC PRICINGHYDRO POWERHYDROPOWERINCINERATIONLANDFILLLIMESTONELOGGINGLOSS OF FORESTLOSS OF FORESTSMARKET PRICESN2ONATURAL GASNEGATIVE EXTERNALITIESNITRATESNITROGENNO2NON-USE VALUESNOXNUCLEAR POWERO3OILOZONEOZONE PRECURSORSPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPM10POLICY MAKERSPOLLUTERSPOLLUTIONPOLLUTION CONTROLPOPULATION DENSITIESPOSITIVE EXTERNALITIESPOWER GENERATIONPOWER GENERATORSPOWER PLANTPOWER PLANTSPOWER SECTORPOWER SECTOR EMISSIONSPOWER SECTOR PLANNINGPOWER SHORTAGESPOWER STATIONPOWER STATIONSPOWER SYSTEMPOWER SYSTEM PLANNINGPOWER SYSTEMSPPPRESENT VALUEPRIMARY ENERGYPRIMARY ENERGY SOURCEPRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITYPRODUCTION OF ENERGYPRODUCTION OF POWERPROPERTY RIGHTSPROPERTY VALUESPUBLIC EXPENDITURESPVCQUALITY STANDARDSQUANTITATIVE ANALYSISRADIATIONRAINRAW MATERIALRECYCLINGREDUCING EMISSIONSRENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCESRENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESRESOURCE MANAGEMENTSO2STACK HEIGHTSTREAMSSULFATESSULFURSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE FORESTSUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENTSUSTAINABLE GROWTHTEMPERATURETEMPERATURE CHANGETHERMAL POWERTIMBERTIMBER HARVESTINGTRANSMISSION LINESTRAVEL COST METHODTREE PLANTATIONSTROPICSURBAN AIR POLLUTIONUSE VALUEVOCVOLTAGEWASTE DISPOSALWATER POLLUTIONWILLINGNESS TO PAYWINDWIND POWERWTPZINCWorld Bank10.1596/7930