Platt, LucyJolley, EmmaHope, VivianLatypov, AlisherHickson, FordReynolds, LucyRhodes, Tim2014-01-072014-01-072013-05https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16517This report aims to describe the dynamics of HIV epidemics among vulnerable and key populations at high risk in the European region, focusing specifically on people who inject drugs (PWID), sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM). It does so in order to inform future HIV prevention, treatment and care responses as well as to guide future HIV prevention surveillance and research. In addition to a description of methods (below), the report comprises three main sections. Chapter 2 synthesizes evidence drawn from European HIV surveillance data (chapter 2.1) and targeted HIV prevalence studies (chapter 2.2). Chapter 3 synthesizes evidence drawn from systematic reviews of epidemiological studies among PWID (chapter 3.1), SWs (chapter 3.2) and MSM (chapter 3.3). Chapter 4 draws upon the evidence reviewed in Chapter 3 as well as the international literature more broadly to consider implications for strengthening responses, including in relation to HIV surveillance (chapter 4.1) and HIV prevention for PWID (chapter 4.2), SWs (chapter 4.3) and MSM (chapter 4.4). In chapter 5, the authors draw our conclusions.en-USCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGOACCESS TO EMPLOYMENTACCESS TO TREATMENTADDICTIONAFFLUENT AREASAIDS CONTROLAMPHETAMINESANAL SEXBEHAVIOUR CHANGEBEHAVIOURAL STUDIESBULLETINCASUAL PARTNERSCITIZENSHIPCIVIL SOCIETY GROUPSCLINICSCONDOMCONDOM PROMOTIONCONDOMSCONSISTENT CONDOM USECONTRACEPTIVE USECOUNSELLINGCRIMEDIAGNOSESDIAGNOSISDISCRIMINATIONDISEASEDISEASE CONTROLDISEASE PREVENTIONDISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROLDISSEMINATIONDRUG ADDICTIONDRUG DEPENDENCEDRUG INJECTINGDRUG RESISTANCEDRUG TREATMENTDRUG USERDRUG USERSDRUGSENVIRONMENTAL CHANGEEPIDEMICEPIDEMICSEPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATAEPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCHEPIDEMIOLOGYEQUITABLE ACCESSFATIGUEFEMALE SEX WORKERSFEWER PEOPLEGAY MENGENDER INEQUALITIESGENDER INEQUALITYHARM REDUCTIONHEALTH CAREHEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALSHEALTH IMPACTHEALTH INDICATORSHEALTH INTERVENTIONSHEALTH PROBLEMSHEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH SERVICESHETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSIONHIGH RISK BEHAVIOURSHIVHIV INFECTIONHIV INFECTION RATESHIV INFECTIONSHIV PREVENTIONHIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONSHIV TESTINGHIV TRANSMISSIONHIV/AIDSHOMOSEXUALITYHUMAN RIGHTSHYGIENEILLNESSINFECTION RATESINJECTING DRUG USEINJECTING DRUG USERSINJECTING DRUGSINTERCOURSEINTERPRETERSINTERVENTIONLAWSLEGAL RIGHTSLEGAL STATUSLOCAL COMMUNITIESMALE PARTNERSMALE SEXMEDICAL CAREMEDICATIONMENTAL HEALTHMENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMSMIGRANTMIGRANT WOMENMIGRANTSMIGRATIONMINORITYNATIONAL LEVELNEEDLESNUMBER OF AIDS CASESNUMBER OF PEOPLENUMBER OF SEX PARTNERSPATIENTPEER GROUPSPHARMACIESPHARMACYPHYSICAL VIOLENCEPILOT PROJECTSPOLICY BRIEFPOLICY MAKERSPOPULATION GROUPSPREGNANCYPREGNANT WOMENPREVALENCEPREVALENCE OF GONORRHOEAPREVALENCE OF SYPHILISPREVENTION INTERVENTIONSPRISONSPRIVACYPROPHYLAXISPUBLIC HEALTHRATES OF CONDOM USERISK BEHAVIOURRISK FACTORSRISK REDUCTIONRISK STATUSSAFER SEXSAME SEXSELF-ESTEEMSERVICE PROVISIONSEXSEX INDUSTRYSEX WITH MENSEX WORKSEX WORKERSEX WORKERSSEXUAL BEHAVIOURSSEXUAL HEALTHSEXUAL HEALTH SERVICESSEXUAL PARTNERSSEXUAL PRACTICESSEXUAL RISKSEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOURSSEXUAL RISKSSEXUAL TRANSMISSIONSOCIAL ACCEPTANCESOCIAL CHANGESSOCIAL CONDITIONSSOCIAL NETWORKSSOCIAL NORMSSOCIAL SUPPORTSOCIAL WELFARESOCIOECONOMIC STATUSSTERILE SYRINGESSTISSUBSTITUTION THERAPYSUBSTITUTION TREATMENTSURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIESSURVEILLANCE DATASYPHILISSYRINGESTHERAPYTREATMENTTREATYTROPICAL MEDICINETUBERCULOSISUNIVERSAL ACCESSUNPLANNED PREGNANCYUNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSEUNPROTECTED SEXUNWANTED PREGNANCIESVACCINATIONVIOLENCEVIRAL HEPATITISVIRAL LOADVOLUNTARY TESTINGVULNERABILITYVULNERABLE POPULATIONSWorld Bank10.1596/16517