Silva, Patricia2012-06-222012-06-222006-02https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8779Coastal resources in Tanzania have come under increasing pressure over the past three decades, which has led to a significant decline in the biodiversity and productivity of coastal ecosystems. The livelihoods of coastal communities that directly depend on these resources are consequently under increasing threat and vulnerability. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one tool for managing coastal and marine resources that have been increasingly used in Tanzania. Promotion of alternative income generating activities (AIGAs) is often a component of MPA management strategies to reduce fishing pressure and address poverty concerns. However, empirical evidence on whether these AIGAs are successful in reducing pressure on fisheries, or their impact on poverty, is scarce and inconclusive. This paper seeks to contribute to this debate by investigating the linkages between household characteristics, MPA activities, and household choice of fishing gear. The empirical analysis is based on household survey data from a sample of villages located along the coast of mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. The author finds that some aspects of poverty increase the likelihood of using destructive fishing gear. MPAs do not directly affect household choice of fishing gear. However, households participating in AIGAs are less likely to use destructive fishing gear, suggesting that MPA support to these activities in Tanzania has a positive influence on household choice of fishing gear. The author also finds the use of destructive fishing gear is associated with higher consumption levels, whereas participation in AIGAs does not significantly affect household consumption levels.CC BY 3.0 IGOADAPTIVE MANAGEMENTADULT FEMALESADULT MALESAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONANCHOVYARTISANAL FISHERYBEACHBEACHESBILLFISHBIODIVERSITYBIOLOGICAL DIVERSITYBIOLOGICAL RESOURCESCASH INCOMECATFISHCHANNELCOASTAL AREASCOASTAL COMMUNITIESCOASTAL COMMUNITYCOASTAL ECOSYSTEMSCOASTAL FISHINGCOASTAL HABITATSCOASTAL RESOURCESCOASTAL WATERSCOASTAL ZONECOMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATIONCONSERVATIONCONSERVATION ACTIVITIESCONSERVATION AREASCONSERVATION OBJECTIVESCONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONSCONSERVATION PROGRAMSCONSERVE BIODIVERSITYCONTINENTAL SHELFCORALCORAL REEF MANAGEMENTCORAL REEFSCORALSCRABSDECISION MAKINGDEEP SEADEEP WATERDEMERSAL FISHDESTRUCTIVE FISHINGDESTRUCTIVE FISHING TECHNIQUESDETERMINANTDETERMINANTSDIVERSITY OF SPECIESDIVINGDOLPHINSECONOMIC ACTIVITYECONOMIC CONDITIONSEELSEMPIRICAL ANALYSISEMPIRICAL EVIDENCEENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGESENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATIONENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESESTUARIESEXPENDITURESEXPLOITATIONFARMINGFENCEFIELD WORKFISHFISH SPECIESFISH STOCKSFISHERFISHERIESFISHERIES MANAGEMENTFISHERIES MANAGERSFISHERIES REGULATIONSFISHERIES RESOURCESFISHERMENFISHERSFISHERYFISHERY MANAGEMENTFISHERY RESOURCESFISHESFISHINGFISHING EQUIPMENTFISHING GEARFISHING METHODSFISHING NETSFISHING PRACTICESFISHING PRESSUREFISHING REGULATIONSFISHING TECHNIQUESFISHING VESSELFISHING VESSELSFOOD SECURITYFOOD WEBSFORESTFOREST AREAFOREST RESERVEILLEGAL FISHINGINCOMEINSHORE FISHERIESINSURANCEIRONLEGISLATIONLITTORALLIVESTOCKLOBSTERSLOCAL FISHERMENLOSS OF BIODIVERSITYMACKERELMANGROVEMANGROVE FORESTSMANGROVESMARINE AREASMARINE CONSERVATIONMARINE ENVIRONMENTMARINE FISHERIESMARINE FISHINGMARINE PARKMARINE PARKSMARINE PRODUCTSMARINE PROTECTED AREASMARINE RESERVESMARINE RESOURCESMARINE SCIENTISTSMARINE SPECIESMOLLUSKSNATIONAL PARKNATURAL CAPITALNATURAL RESOURCESNATURE RESERVENET FISHINGOCEANSOCTOPUSOFFSHORE FISHINGOFFSHORE WATERSOYSTERSPACIFIC ISLANDSPALMPATCH REEFSPATROLLINGPELAGIC FISHPOLICY DECISIONSPRODUCTIVITYPROGRAMSQUOTASRABBITREEFREEF FISHREEF FISHESREEFSRESERVESRESOURCE USEROADSSANCTUARIESSANCTUARYSARDINESAVINGSSCUBA DIVERSSEASEA CUCUMBERSEA CUCUMBERSSEASSEAWEEDSEINE NETSHARKSHARKSSHELLFISHSHELLSSHRIMPSSILVERSOILSSPECIES COMPOSITIONSQUIDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTTERRITORIAL SEASTIDESTOURISMTRADITIONAL FISHERMENTREETREE PLANTINGTUNATURTLESVILLAGE FISHERMENVILLAGESWATERSWILDLIFEWorld Bank10.1596/1813-9450-3831