World Bank2013-03-182013-03-182011https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12798This report summarizes the results for the transportation sector from a larger study, the low carbon study for Brazil, developed by the World Bank as part of its initiative to support the integrated efforts of Brazil to reduce global and national greenhouse gases emissions, while promoting long-term development. The study covers four key areas with potential low carbon options: 1) Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), including deforestation, 2) transport systems, 3) production and use of energy, particularly electricity, oil, gas and bio fuels, and 4) municipal waste, solids and liquids. This study aims to underpin Brazil's efforts to explore methods for reducing total emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) arising from all areas of human activity. More specifically, this study seeks to highlight low-carbon alternatives for Brazil´s transport sector. These alternatives could contribute positively to the world's climate, as well as benefit Brazil's socio-economic development. The technical inputs for evaluating potential carbon emissions reduction will be submitted to the Brazilian government to assist it in the design and deployment of joint planning strategies in key sectors, including transport. To ensure that the study targets the most important areas, it adopts an overarching approach. This means that it made full use of available specialist knowledge (thereby avoiding replication of effort) by undertaking a comprehensive survey of the literature and engaging in a wide-ranging consultation process with recognized Brazilian experts and government technical staff.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOABATEMENT COSTACCESSIBILITYACCIDENTSACIDSAIRAIR POLLUTANTAIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONSAIR POLLUTIONAIR QUALITYAIR TRANSPORTAIRCRAFTAIRPORTAIRPORT INFRASTRUCTUREAIRPORTSALTERNATIVE MODESALTERNATIVE ROUTESALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONSAUTO INDUSTRYAUTOMOBILEAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRYBICYCLESBIKEWAYSBIOMASSBIOMASS BURNINGBOTTLENECKSBUSBUS PASSENGERBUS SERVICEBUS SERVICESBUS SYSTEMBUS SYSTEMSBUS TRIPSBUSESCALCULATIONCARCAR TRAVELCAR USAGECAR USECARBONCARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONSCARBON EMISSIONCARBON EMISSIONSCARBON MONOXIDECARSCH4CITY BUSESCLEANER FUELSCLIMATECLIMATE CHANGECOCO2COALCOLORSCOMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION TEMPERATURESCOMMERCIAL TRUCKSCOMMERCIAL VEHICLESCONGESTIONDAILY TRAVELDAILY TRIPSDEFORESTATIONDEMAND FOR TRANSPORTDIESELDIESEL ENGINESELECTRICITYELECTRICITY GENERATIONEMISSIONEMISSION RATEEMISSION REDUCTIONEMISSION SCENARIOSEMISSIONS REDUCTIONEMISSIONS REDUCTIONSENERGY BALANCEENERGY CONSUMPTIONENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSESTIMATES OF EMISSIONSETHANOLFORESTFOREST COVERFOREST FIRESFORESTRYFOSSIL FUELSFOSSIL-FUEL USEFREIGHTFREIGHT MOVEMENTFREIGHT OPERATIONSFREIGHT TRANSPORTFUELFUEL CONSUMPTIONFUEL PRODUCTIONFUEL TYPEFUELSGASOLINEGASOLINE PRICESGHGGHGSGLOBAL EMISSIONSGREENHOUSEGREENHOUSE EFFECTGREENHOUSE GASGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSGREENHOUSE GASESGREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONSHCHEAVY VEHICLESHFCSHIGH SPEED TRAINHIGHWAYSHYDROCARBONSHYDROFLUOROCARBONSINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTSINLAND WATERWAYSINTERNATIONAL FLIGHTSLAND TRANSPORTLAND USELAND USE CHANGELIGHT VEHICLESLONG-DISTANCELOSS OF FORESTLOW-CARBONMEANS OF TRANSPORTMETHANEMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTMOBILITY MANAGEMENTMODAL SHIFTMODAL SPLITMODE OF TRANSPORTMODES OF TRANSPORTMODES OF TRAVELMOTOR VEHICLEMOTOR VEHICLESN2ONATURAL GASNITROGENNITROGEN OXIDESNITROUS OXIDENOISENOISE POLLUTIONNOXO&MOXYGENOZONEOZONE LAYERPARTICLESPARTICULATEPARTICULATE MATTERPASSENGER NUMBERSPASSENGER TRANSPORTPASSENGER TRAVELPASSENGER TRIPSPASSENGER VEHICLEPASSENGER VEHICLESPASSENGERSPERFLUOROCARBONSPFCSPOLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONSPOPULATION DENSITIESPOPULATION DENSITYPOPULATION GROWTHPRIVATE VEHICLEPUBLIC SUBSIDIESPUBLIC TRANSPORTPUBLIC TRANSPORT AUTHORITIESPUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTUREPUBLIC TRANSPORT PASSENGERPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONRAILRAIL NETWORKSRAILROADSRAILWAYRAILWAY INDUSTRYRAILWAY LINESRAILWAY NETWORKRAILWAYSRAPID TRANSITREGIONAL TRANSPORTREGIONAL TRIPSROADROAD INFRASTRUCTUREROAD NETWORKROAD TRANSPORTROUTEROUTESSAFETYSANITATIONSCHOOL BUSESSCHOOL TRANSPORTSOXSUBWAYSULFURSULFUR HEXAFLUORIDESULFUR OXIDESSURFACE TRANSPORTTAXISTOLLTOLL BOOTHSTOTAL EMISSIONSTRAFFICTRAFFIC CONGESTIONTRAFFIC SYSTEMTRAINSTRANSPORTTRANSPORT COSTSTRANSPORT EMISSIONSTRANSPORT FACILITIESTRANSPORT INDUSTRYTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURETRANSPORT MODETRANSPORT MODESTRANSPORT NETWORKTRANSPORT PLANTRANSPORT PLANNINGTRANSPORT PROJECTSTRANSPORT SECTORTRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONSTRANSPORT SYSTEMSTRANSPORTATION PLANNINGTRAVEL DEMANDTRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENTTRIPTRIP LENGTHSTRIPSTRIPS BY CARTRUCKSTRUEURBAN BUSURBAN MOBILITYURBAN PASSENGERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORTURBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMURBAN TRANSPORTATIONURBAN TRIPSVEHICLEVEHICLE CATEGORYVEHICLE EMISSIONSVEHICLE EXHAUSTVEHICLE FLEETVEHICLE FLEETSVEHICLE OWNERSHIPVEHICLE PRODUCTIONVEHICLE USAGEVEHICLE USERSVEHICLESWALKINGWINDWorld Bank10.1596/12798