Matsukawa, TomokoHabeck, Odo2012-05-312012-05-312007978-0-8213-7100-8https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6778The objective of the Review of Risk Mitigation Instruments for Infrastructure Financing and Recent Trends and Developments is to provide a concise yet comprehensive guide as well as reference information for practitioners of infrastructure financing, including private sector financiers and developing country officials. The work is also intended as a reference for institutions offering (or developing) risk mitigation instruments, allowing them to learn from each other's recent practices. The book is organized into five chapters with the following objectives: Chapter 1 Type of Risk Mitigation Instruments: increases awareness of the different types and nature of risk mitigation instruments currently available for private financiers. Chapter 2 Recent Trends in Risk Mitigation: highlights areas in risk mitigation for developing country infrastructure financing receiving recent attention. Chapter 3 Characteristics of Providers and Compatibility: summarizes the characteristics of multilateral, bilateral, and private providers of risk mitigation instruments and the compatibility of those instruments. Chapter 4 Innovative Application of Risk Mitigation Instruments: presents recent developments and innovative applications of risk mitigation instruments through case transactions. Chapter 5 Challenges Ahead: summarizes areas that pose challenges to the use of risk mitigation instruments as catalysts of infrastructure development. The focus of this book is on the multilateral development banks and agencies (that is, The World Bank Group and regional development banks and affiliates) and bilateral development agencies and export credit and investment agencies of major developed countries that have supported the compilation of this information.en-USCC BY 3.0 IGOAMOUNT OF DEBTARBITRAL AWARDARBITRATIONASIAN BOND MARKETASSET-BACKED SECURITIESBALANCE SHEETBALANCE SHEETSBANK GUARANTEEBANK GUARANTEESBANK LENDERSBANK MARKETBANK MARKETSBANKRUPTCYBENEFICIARYBONDBOND INSURANCEBOND INVESTORBOND INVESTORSBOND ISSUANCEBOND ISSUERSBOND ISSUESBOND RATINGBONDSBORROWERCAPITAL MARKETCAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTCAPITAL MARKETSCASH FLOWCASH FLOWSCOMMERCIAL BANKCOMMERCIAL BANKSCONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONSCOUNTRY CREDITCREDIT AGENCIESCREDIT AGENCYCREDIT ENHANCEMENTCREDIT ENHANCEMENTSCREDIT GUARANTEECREDIT GUARANTEESCREDIT POLICIESCREDIT PROGRAMSCREDIT PROVIDERSCREDIT RATINGCREDIT RISKCREDIT RISKSCREDIT SPREADCREDITORCREDITWORTHINESSCURRENCYCURRENCY DEVALUATIONCURRENCY DEVALUATIONSCURRENCY MISMATCHESDEBTDEBT DEFAULTDEBT FINANCINGDEBT INSTRUMENTDEBT INSTRUMENTSDEBT SERVICEDEBT SERVICE PAYMENTDEBT SERVICE PAYMENTSDEBT TRANSACTIONSDEFAULT LOSSESDEFAULT RISKDERIVATIVESDEVALUATIONDEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRYDEVELOPMENT BANKDEVELOPMENT FINANCEDISBURSEMENTDOMESTIC BONDDOMESTIC BOND MARKETSDOMESTIC CAPITALDOMESTIC CAPITAL MARKETEMERGING MARKETEMERGING MARKET COUNTRYEMERGING MARKETSEQUIPMENTEQUITY CAPITALEQUITY FINANCINGEQUITY INVESTMENTEQUITY INVESTMENTSEQUITY RETURNSESCROWEXCHANGE RATESEXPORTEREXPORTERSEXPROPRIATIONEXPROPRIATION RISKFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONSFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSFINANCIAL MARKETFINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENTFINANCIAL SUPPORTFINANCING REQUIREMENTSFIXED INCOMEFOREIGN CURRENCYFOREIGN CURRENCY DEBTFOREIGN EXCHANGEFOREIGN EXCHANGE RISKFOREIGN INVESTMENTFOREIGN LENDERSGLOBAL BONDGOVERNMENT BONDSGOVERNMENT GUARANTEEGUARANTEE FEESHEDGE FUNDHEDGESHOST COUNTRYHOST GOVERNMENTHOST GOVERNMENTSINDIVIDUAL LOANSINFRASTRUCTURE BONDINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCEINFRASTRUCTURE FINANCINGINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTINSTITUTIONAL INVESTORSINSTRUMENTINSURANCEINSURANCE COMPANYINSURANCE CORPORATIONINSURANCE INDUSTRYINSURANCE MARKETINSURANCE POLICYINSURANCE PRODUCTSINTEREST PAYMENTSINTEREST RATEINTERNATIONAL BANKINTERNATIONAL BONDSINTERNATIONAL CAPITALINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETSINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL FINANCEINVESTINGINVESTMENT BANKINVESTMENT CORPORATIONINVESTMENT PROJECTSINVESTMENT REQUIREMENTSINVESTMENT RISKLENDERLENDERSLIABILITYLIQUIDITYLLCLOANLOAN DEFAULTSLOAN EXPOSURELOAN PARTICIPANTSLOAN PORTFOLIOLOCAL BANKSLOCAL CORPORATIONSLOCAL CURRENCYLOCAL FINANCIAL MARKETSLOCAL INFLATIONLOCAL INFRASTRUCTURELOCAL LENDERSLONG-TERM DEBTLONG-TERM DEBT MARKETSMACROECONOMIC RISKSMARKET ACCESSMARKET CONDITIONSMATURITYMATURITY DATEMORTGAGEMUNICIPAL BONDSMUNICIPAL FINANCENONPAYMENTPARTIAL CREDITPARTIAL GUARANTEESPARTIAL RISKPAYMENT OBLIGATIONPAYMENT OBLIGATIONSPAYMENT OF DEBTPENSIONPENSION FUNDSPOLITICAL RISKPOLITICAL RISKSPRINCIPAL PAYMENTPRINCIPAL REPAYMENTPRIVATE CAPITALPRIVATE CORPORATE DEBTPRIVATE DEBTPRIVATE EQUITYPRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONPRIVATE FINANCINGPRIVATE INVESTMENTPRIVATE INVESTMENTSPRIVATE INVESTORSPRIVATE LENDERSPRIVATE PARTYPROBABILITY OF DEFAULTPRUDENTIAL REGULATIONPUBLIC DEBTPURCHASING POWERPUT OPTIONREGULATORY FRAMEWORKREPUDIATIONRESERVERESERVE FUNDRESERVE FUNDSRETURNRISK CONTROLRISK MANAGEMENTRISK SHARINGSECURITIESSOVEREIGN DEBTSOVEREIGN ENTITIESSOVEREIGN ENTITYSOVEREIGN GUARANTEESPECTRUM OF RISKSWAPSWAPSTANGIBLE ASSETSTHIRD-PARTY RISKTIMELY PAYMENTTRANCHETRANCHESTRANSACTIONTRANSACTION COSTSTRANSFER PAYMENTSTRANSFER RISKWorld Bank10.1596/978-0-8213-7100-8